Monday, May 13, 2013
Online Hawaiiana classes through A'o Makua
This reminds me that I should sign up for the next in the A.o Makua series: The next classes are 'olelo:Pili Aloha 6/3 - 6/28 and Ku'u one Hanau 6/10 - 6/28. Also, Ka Na'i Aupuni, the story of Kamehameha is going on 7/8 - 7/26 and this class is FREE! I put in my request to take the classes - they are only $25 each.
Exceptional meeting w/Dissertation Chair Ch 2
I turned in my work last night at 5 pm. I have this deal with my dissertation chair Dr. Carolyn Kenny that I must turn in my work before 5 pm on Sunday, and then we have a standing in-person meeting at 9 am the next morning in the lobby at school.
So yesterday I turned in 40 pages - all of my chapter 2...
This am we had a fabulous meeting. CK was so very supportive, and she liked what I wrote... I just have to change the order of the outline.
The new outline will look like this:
1. Leaving Home
2. Overview of Hawaiian history and worldview - need to set the history 1st
3. Hawaiian Cultural Identity
3.a. The culture and practice of Aloha
3.b. The loss of Culture
3.c. Walking in two worlds
3.d. Synopsis of tipping points
3.e. Outmigration
3.f. Acculturation
4. Indigenous Identity
4.a. Issues of Race
4.b. Importance of locality
4.c. Contested Hawaiian Identities
4.e. Differentiating between race, culture, ethnicity and identity
5. Hawaiian Cultural Revival
5.a. Princess Bernice Pauahi Bishop Legacy
5.b. Hawaiian language and cultural education
6. Gaps in the Literature
After the overview of Hawaiian history and worldview we will gradually work into Hawaiian Cultural identity.
The new outline makes a lot more sense and it naturally leads into the research questions in a logical progression. Hawaiians have such a rich culture and a very unique world view.
The people on my committee need to know that I took the Hawaiian language and cultures classes for several years.
Sunday, October 30, 2011
Historical facts regarding names...
What an amazing journey we are all on.
There is so much information available through this papa! I did some research into the history and law of naming children in Hawai‘i by reading Nānā I Ke Kumu: Look to the Source, written by my mother’s maternal grandmother – our great grandmother Mary Kawena Puku‘i. The research she did is fascinating to me; it is foundational in bringing ancient Hawaiian culture and language into the 20th and 21st centuries.
In Hawaiian culture, a person’s name was actually a living entity: “these syllables which identified a person could influence health, happiness, and even a lifespan” (Puku‘i, 1972, p. 98).
In 1820, it became customary for Hawaiians who had converted to Christianity to take a Christian or Biblical first name and use their Hawaiian name as a last name.
In 1860, King Kamehameha IV signed the Act to Regulate Names, ensuring that a married woman would take her husband’s last name as a family name. Additionally, “All children born in wedlock shall have their father’s name as a family name. All illegitimate children shall have their mother’s name as a family name. They shall besides, have a Christian name suitable to their sex.”
How interesting. It all makes sense now - how come we have so many names!!!
I have taken this course several times; for my project, I ended up doing research on my mother and her name. This originally started as research for her eulogy, as our beloved mother passed away on March 18, 2010. March 18 was, coincidentally, her father's birthday - the same day she would be received by him into heaven.
Anyway, I can say that they journey has truly been enjoyable. I have a new appreciation for names, and have been utilizing the A'o Makua classes to supplement my research efforts; the classes, however, have given me so much more... a base understanding of language, as well as historical and cultural context. I can hear a Hawaiian person's last name, figure out what it means and maybe even have a clue where that person's family came from. Isn't that amazing?!
The essay I had been working on became a portraiture of my Mother and her name; the work took me a year and a half to produce - it is an 85-page composition which has become the foundation of my thesis on Aloha as Leadership.
I am humbly grateful to our Kumu Brandy, to A'o Makua, and to our Founder Ke Ali'i Pauahi for the opportunity to continuing to learn about our culture, our language, and to appreciate all that is Hawaiian.
There is so much information available through this papa! I did some research into the history and law of naming children in Hawai‘i by reading Nānā I Ke Kumu: Look to the Source, written by my mother’s maternal grandmother – our great grandmother Mary Kawena Puku‘i. The research she did is fascinating to me; it is foundational in bringing ancient Hawaiian culture and language into the 20th and 21st centuries.
In Hawaiian culture, a person’s name was actually a living entity: “these syllables which identified a person could influence health, happiness, and even a lifespan” (Puku‘i, 1972, p. 98).
In 1820, it became customary for Hawaiians who had converted to Christianity to take a Christian or Biblical first name and use their Hawaiian name as a last name.
In 1860, King Kamehameha IV signed the Act to Regulate Names, ensuring that a married woman would take her husband’s last name as a family name. Additionally, “All children born in wedlock shall have their father’s name as a family name. All illegitimate children shall have their mother’s name as a family name. They shall besides, have a Christian name suitable to their sex.”
How interesting. It all makes sense now - how come we have so many names!!!
I have taken this course several times; for my project, I ended up doing research on my mother and her name. This originally started as research for her eulogy, as our beloved mother passed away on March 18, 2010. March 18 was, coincidentally, her father's birthday - the same day she would be received by him into heaven.
Anyway, I can say that they journey has truly been enjoyable. I have a new appreciation for names, and have been utilizing the A'o Makua classes to supplement my research efforts; the classes, however, have given me so much more... a base understanding of language, as well as historical and cultural context. I can hear a Hawaiian person's last name, figure out what it means and maybe even have a clue where that person's family came from. Isn't that amazing?!
The essay I had been working on became a portraiture of my Mother and her name; the work took me a year and a half to produce - it is an 85-page composition which has become the foundation of my thesis on Aloha as Leadership.
I am humbly grateful to our Kumu Brandy, to A'o Makua, and to our Founder Ke Ali'i Pauahi for the opportunity to continuing to learn about our culture, our language, and to appreciate all that is Hawaiian.
Thursday, October 20, 2011
What's in a name...
I started an online class through Kamehameha Schools Bishop Estates A’o Makua Program for distance learners called Mo‘okū‘auhau: He Inoa ‘Ala. I am continually taking Hawaiiana classes to improve my vocabulary and understanding of Hawaiian people, culture and traditions. The more I learn, the more fascinated I become with my heritage, our kūpuna (ancestors), and the people of old.
“He Inoa ‘Ala” – A fragrant name – said of a chief whose reputation is good. (Puku'i, 637).
The students are required to post on the discussion board, introduce ourselves to the class, and write a little about our name as well. Here is my post…
Aloha e Kumu Brandy e nā haumāna.
‘O Cami ko‘u inoa. I love this class He Inoa ‘Ala, and have taken it several times. Even though we have access to the materials a year afterward, I continually enroll because it creates a learning community for me, allocates a specific time frame to complete the assignments, and commits me to continue learning Hawaiiana for at least a half hour to an hour a day.
My full name is Camilla Grace Fusae Ka‘iuhono‘onālani Wengler Vignoe. In the Wengler ‘ohana we are 6 brothers and 5 sisters born to Harry and Charlotte Wengler, raised on the island of ‘Oahu in the south east areas of Kaimuki, Kahala and ‘Aina Haina.
Each siblings has a minimum of five names: a first name, Christian middle name, Japanese name, Hawaiian name, and our family name Wengler. I married David, so I share his last name as well. Vignoe is the shortened version of Vignali – the immigration people couldn’t pronounce his great grandfather’s name, and so it was changed to make it easier for them to pronounce and spell.. Imagine that! In any case, Vignali means “of the vines, of the grapes”. I suppose that is what his kupuna did in Italy – they grew grapes and were wine makers.
Without knowing the meaning, my mom really liked the name Camilla – she said she forgot where she first heard it, perhaps it was the name of a movie actress. Anyway, that became my first name – it means, “ceremonial attendant” or “swift running warrior princess”. If you know me, the latter meaning is quite fitting in that I have tons of energy, am a passionate advocate-type person and love exercise – especially running!
Anyway, I could write a lot more because I am researching my name, my ‘ohanas’ names, and am writing about my journey into discovering Aloha and what it means to be Hawaiian on my blog: camivignoe.blogspot.com. Mahalo Kumu Brandy for this opportunity.
In my research I learned that in Roman mythology, Camilla was the daughter of King Metabus and Casmilla. Driven from his throne, Metabus was chased into the wilderness by armed Volsci, his infant daughter Camilla in his hands. The river Amasenus blocked his path; fearing for the child's welfare, Metabus bound her to a spear. He promised the goddess Diana that Camilla would be her servant, a warrior virgin. He then threw her to safety on the other side, and swam across the river to retrieve her.
In the Aeneid, she helped her ally, King Turnus of the Rutuli, fight Aeneas and the Trojans in the war sparked by the courting of Princess Lavinia. Arruns, a Trojan ally, stalked Camilla on the battlefield, and, when she was opportunely distracted by her pursuit of Chloreus, killed her. The goddess Diana's attendant, Opis, at her mistress' behest, avenged Camilla's death by slaying Arruns. It is said that Camilla once ran so swiftly through the cornfields that a blade of grass burned to ashes. This gave her divine power which enabled her to walk across the seas without wetting her feet.
Cool! More tomorrow as I continue researching my name.
“He Inoa ‘Ala” – A fragrant name – said of a chief whose reputation is good. (Puku'i, 637).
The students are required to post on the discussion board, introduce ourselves to the class, and write a little about our name as well. Here is my post…
Aloha e Kumu Brandy e nā haumāna.
‘O Cami ko‘u inoa. I love this class He Inoa ‘Ala, and have taken it several times. Even though we have access to the materials a year afterward, I continually enroll because it creates a learning community for me, allocates a specific time frame to complete the assignments, and commits me to continue learning Hawaiiana for at least a half hour to an hour a day.
My full name is Camilla Grace Fusae Ka‘iuhono‘onālani Wengler Vignoe. In the Wengler ‘ohana we are 6 brothers and 5 sisters born to Harry and Charlotte Wengler, raised on the island of ‘Oahu in the south east areas of Kaimuki, Kahala and ‘Aina Haina.
Each siblings has a minimum of five names: a first name, Christian middle name, Japanese name, Hawaiian name, and our family name Wengler. I married David, so I share his last name as well. Vignoe is the shortened version of Vignali – the immigration people couldn’t pronounce his great grandfather’s name, and so it was changed to make it easier for them to pronounce and spell.. Imagine that! In any case, Vignali means “of the vines, of the grapes”. I suppose that is what his kupuna did in Italy – they grew grapes and were wine makers.
Without knowing the meaning, my mom really liked the name Camilla – she said she forgot where she first heard it, perhaps it was the name of a movie actress. Anyway, that became my first name – it means, “ceremonial attendant” or “swift running warrior princess”. If you know me, the latter meaning is quite fitting in that I have tons of energy, am a passionate advocate-type person and love exercise – especially running!
Anyway, I could write a lot more because I am researching my name, my ‘ohanas’ names, and am writing about my journey into discovering Aloha and what it means to be Hawaiian on my blog: camivignoe.blogspot.com. Mahalo Kumu Brandy for this opportunity.
In my research I learned that in Roman mythology, Camilla was the daughter of King Metabus and Casmilla. Driven from his throne, Metabus was chased into the wilderness by armed Volsci, his infant daughter Camilla in his hands. The river Amasenus blocked his path; fearing for the child's welfare, Metabus bound her to a spear. He promised the goddess Diana that Camilla would be her servant, a warrior virgin. He then threw her to safety on the other side, and swam across the river to retrieve her.
In the Aeneid, she helped her ally, King Turnus of the Rutuli, fight Aeneas and the Trojans in the war sparked by the courting of Princess Lavinia. Arruns, a Trojan ally, stalked Camilla on the battlefield, and, when she was opportunely distracted by her pursuit of Chloreus, killed her. The goddess Diana's attendant, Opis, at her mistress' behest, avenged Camilla's death by slaying Arruns. It is said that Camilla once ran so swiftly through the cornfields that a blade of grass burned to ashes. This gave her divine power which enabled her to walk across the seas without wetting her feet.
Cool! More tomorrow as I continue researching my name.
Monday, February 21, 2011
The story of Queen Emma...
This is my post from our online class He Inoa 'Ala:
I enjoyed learning about Queen Emma. Wasn't she beautiful?! I also read somewhere that she was somewhat quiet and reserved, kind of a loner as a student at the Chiefs' School in Honolulu. I read that she didn't have too many friends from the Royal School days, however she enjoyed a close friendship with Princess Victoria Kamāmalu that lasted a lifetime. Interesting that her summer palace (a gift from her late uncle John Young 11) even had a name - Hanaiākamalama. How beautiful. Does this translates to "care for the adopted"?
The more I read about Queen Emma (1836 – 1885), the more empathy I felt for her.
I did some research on the Hawaiian Historical Society's website and found this information:
Queen Kapi‘olani (1834–1899) formally Esther Julia Kapi‘olani, was married to King David Kalākaua. Born December 31, 1834 in Hilo, she was the granddaughter of Kaumuali‘i, the last king of the island of Kaua‘i before the unification of the islands under Kamehameha I, and the stepdaughter of Queen Ka‘ahumanu. Her first marriage was to High Chief Benjamin Namakehaokalani, son of Keali‘imaika‘i, brother of Kamehameha I, and was 35 years older than Kapi‘olani. He was uncle of Queen Emma. This made Queen Kapi‘olani the widowed aunt of Queen Emma. Kapi‘olani hānai'd Prince Albert, baby of Kamehameha IV and Queen Emma. Queen Emma blamed Kapi‘olani for the child's death as he was under Kapi‘olani's care when he got sick. After the death of her child, Queen Emma would never appear at a public function that Kapi‘olani was in attendance of.
We all know that the child prince was well cared for and loved dearly, that he fell ill. It was nobody's fault when he passed away, however, it must have been so very difficult for Queen Emma to have lost her young son Prince Albert at only four years of age. This is whwn she changed her name to Kaleleokalani – which means “flight of the heavenly one”. And then she lost her husband only a year later. Queen Emma must have been heartbroken - so much sadness. I felt a hint of that very sadness myself, when I visited the Bishop museum in January and toured the royal room. I sat there amongst the belongings of our late royalty and sobbed uncontrollably. So many beloved, here one moment and gone the next, died.
It seems so unfair. Queen Emma and Kamehameha IV - Liholiho - had only been married a total of 6 or 7 years before he passed. Liholiho was only 29 when he died! I cannot imagine losing a son, and then the love of my life. This is why she changed her name to pluralize her loss - Kaleleonālani “Flight of the heavenly ones,” a name she used for the rest of her life. Not even three years later, in 1866 Queen Emma's dear friend Princess Victoria Kamāmalu dies at the age of 28, and a few months later, her adopted mother Grace Kama‘iku‘i Rooke, daughter of John Young and Ka‘o‘ana‘eha also dies at the age of 57. I read that Queen Emma lived to the age of 49 when she passed away in 1885 at her summer home. She was laid to rest with her husband and son at Mauna ‘Ala Moseleum.
In the 1800s, so many diseases were coming to the islands from visitors and our people had no immunity to these. Thousands of Hawaiians perished. This is why King Kamehameha IV and his wife Queen Emma were so passionate about starting a hospital to care for people who contracted illnesses. They worked tirelessly to raise funds, since the government had no money set aside for this kind of public service. We are blessed with this lovely hospital - Queens Hospital - the fruits of their labor, a hospital named after Queen Emma. It is interesting that Queen Kapi'olani did much charitable work herself, and in fact, raised money to lay the corner stone of her own women and children's clinic - which is today the Kapi'olani Medical Center for Women and Children.
I enjoyed learning about Queen Emma. Wasn't she beautiful?! I also read somewhere that she was somewhat quiet and reserved, kind of a loner as a student at the Chiefs' School in Honolulu. I read that she didn't have too many friends from the Royal School days, however she enjoyed a close friendship with Princess Victoria Kamāmalu that lasted a lifetime. Interesting that her summer palace (a gift from her late uncle John Young 11) even had a name - Hanaiākamalama. How beautiful. Does this translates to "care for the adopted"?
The more I read about Queen Emma (1836 – 1885), the more empathy I felt for her.
I did some research on the Hawaiian Historical Society's website and found this information:
Queen Kapi‘olani (1834–1899) formally Esther Julia Kapi‘olani, was married to King David Kalākaua. Born December 31, 1834 in Hilo, she was the granddaughter of Kaumuali‘i, the last king of the island of Kaua‘i before the unification of the islands under Kamehameha I, and the stepdaughter of Queen Ka‘ahumanu. Her first marriage was to High Chief Benjamin Namakehaokalani, son of Keali‘imaika‘i, brother of Kamehameha I, and was 35 years older than Kapi‘olani. He was uncle of Queen Emma. This made Queen Kapi‘olani the widowed aunt of Queen Emma. Kapi‘olani hānai'd Prince Albert, baby of Kamehameha IV and Queen Emma. Queen Emma blamed Kapi‘olani for the child's death as he was under Kapi‘olani's care when he got sick. After the death of her child, Queen Emma would never appear at a public function that Kapi‘olani was in attendance of.
We all know that the child prince was well cared for and loved dearly, that he fell ill. It was nobody's fault when he passed away, however, it must have been so very difficult for Queen Emma to have lost her young son Prince Albert at only four years of age. This is whwn she changed her name to Kaleleokalani – which means “flight of the heavenly one”. And then she lost her husband only a year later. Queen Emma must have been heartbroken - so much sadness. I felt a hint of that very sadness myself, when I visited the Bishop museum in January and toured the royal room. I sat there amongst the belongings of our late royalty and sobbed uncontrollably. So many beloved, here one moment and gone the next, died.
It seems so unfair. Queen Emma and Kamehameha IV - Liholiho - had only been married a total of 6 or 7 years before he passed. Liholiho was only 29 when he died! I cannot imagine losing a son, and then the love of my life. This is why she changed her name to pluralize her loss - Kaleleonālani “Flight of the heavenly ones,” a name she used for the rest of her life. Not even three years later, in 1866 Queen Emma's dear friend Princess Victoria Kamāmalu dies at the age of 28, and a few months later, her adopted mother Grace Kama‘iku‘i Rooke, daughter of John Young and Ka‘o‘ana‘eha also dies at the age of 57. I read that Queen Emma lived to the age of 49 when she passed away in 1885 at her summer home. She was laid to rest with her husband and son at Mauna ‘Ala Moseleum.
In the 1800s, so many diseases were coming to the islands from visitors and our people had no immunity to these. Thousands of Hawaiians perished. This is why King Kamehameha IV and his wife Queen Emma were so passionate about starting a hospital to care for people who contracted illnesses. They worked tirelessly to raise funds, since the government had no money set aside for this kind of public service. We are blessed with this lovely hospital - Queens Hospital - the fruits of their labor, a hospital named after Queen Emma. It is interesting that Queen Kapi'olani did much charitable work herself, and in fact, raised money to lay the corner stone of her own women and children's clinic - which is today the Kapi'olani Medical Center for Women and Children.
Monday, February 7, 2011
1st day of Mo‘okū‘auhau: He Inoa ‘Ala
It is the 1st day of Hawaiiana lessons, and I am in two courses: a language course and a genealogy course as well. I am hoping to build my foundation of Hawaiiana so that my dissertation will be solid and have the mana'o (thoughts) captured as purely Hawaiian as possible. Below my posting for the discussion on 1st day of Mo‘okū‘auhau: He Inoa ‘Ala. This means Genealogy: A fragrant name.
The whole concept of inoa or name is that it is a prized possession. the Hawaiians believe that one's inoa, once spoken takes on a life of its own. Much thought went into choosing an inoa at birth. Ali'i were given inoa to signify important events in their lives...and also to show reverence and honor perhaps to an 'aumakua or kupuna. Inoa is an integral part of one's life, one's identity, and culture.
Aloha mai kakou. 'O Cami ko'u inoa.
Oh boy. I have a really long name! My formal name is Camilla Grace Fusae Kaiuhino‘onalani Wengler Vignoe. It was kind of funny to see people’s faces so astonished as they announced my name at graduation. I had it printed on my diploma because it made my mom proud to see me graduate.
In any case, I prefer to be called Cami; I am from Honolulu on the east side near ‘Āina Haina. I am the second eldest of 11 children born to Harry and Charlotte Wengler. Each one of us has a long name that tells a story: We have a first name, a middle name which is a Christian name, a Japanese name, a Hawaiian name, and our last name; in my case, I have two last names because I got married.
My first name was chosen because my mother heard it and really liked it. Camilla has a Latin base; it means “ceremonial attendant”. Camilla was also a warrior queen in Virgil’s poetry. Grace, also Latin, means “God’s favor”; it comes from my mother’s favorite prayer: “Hail Mary, full of Grace…”
Fusae was given to honor our Japanese ancestors. It refers to a beautiful and very delicate, yet sturdy ornament that hangs on a far branch of a cherry blossom tree. I recall my grandfather telling me the story a long time ago. Even after the harshest of storms, miraculously, this ornament would still be dangling, intact, on the branch of the tree. As I reflect upon his sentiment, I think it symbolizes hope when all seems to be lost.
Kaiuhino‘onalani, my Hawaiian name, is an inoa pō. My Tūtū (great-grandmother) gifted it to me. It means “one who is held in high esteem with the chiefs”. As I have studied a little bit about inoa pō, I understand that an ‘aumakua will send the name to your kupuna, perhaps in a dream, who then must give it to you.
My maiden name has its origins from Germany. They say that it is a common name there, and that the Wengler clan lived in the hills somewhere there. I would really like to visit Germany some time and research my father’s family.
My last name Vignoe was originally Vignali; it has its roots in Italy – my husband is third generation Italian. It means “of the vines”; the family used to make wine in either Naples or Sicily. Anyway, the story that the Vignoes tell us is that when Dave’s grandfather arrived from Italy, immigration people thought it was too hard to say their name, so the officials Americanized their name on the legal papers.
Learning about people’s names is fascinating. It gives us the story of where we came from (nationality), and ties us to a place so that we can trace our genealogy. It also makes us appreciate our kupuna as real people contributing to society, and dealing with real problems of their time. I am so looking forward to learning more in this papa.
The whole concept of inoa or name is that it is a prized possession. the Hawaiians believe that one's inoa, once spoken takes on a life of its own. Much thought went into choosing an inoa at birth. Ali'i were given inoa to signify important events in their lives...and also to show reverence and honor perhaps to an 'aumakua or kupuna. Inoa is an integral part of one's life, one's identity, and culture.
Aloha mai kakou. 'O Cami ko'u inoa.
Oh boy. I have a really long name! My formal name is Camilla Grace Fusae Kaiuhino‘onalani Wengler Vignoe. It was kind of funny to see people’s faces so astonished as they announced my name at graduation. I had it printed on my diploma because it made my mom proud to see me graduate.
In any case, I prefer to be called Cami; I am from Honolulu on the east side near ‘Āina Haina. I am the second eldest of 11 children born to Harry and Charlotte Wengler. Each one of us has a long name that tells a story: We have a first name, a middle name which is a Christian name, a Japanese name, a Hawaiian name, and our last name; in my case, I have two last names because I got married.
My first name was chosen because my mother heard it and really liked it. Camilla has a Latin base; it means “ceremonial attendant”. Camilla was also a warrior queen in Virgil’s poetry. Grace, also Latin, means “God’s favor”; it comes from my mother’s favorite prayer: “Hail Mary, full of Grace…”
Fusae was given to honor our Japanese ancestors. It refers to a beautiful and very delicate, yet sturdy ornament that hangs on a far branch of a cherry blossom tree. I recall my grandfather telling me the story a long time ago. Even after the harshest of storms, miraculously, this ornament would still be dangling, intact, on the branch of the tree. As I reflect upon his sentiment, I think it symbolizes hope when all seems to be lost.
Kaiuhino‘onalani, my Hawaiian name, is an inoa pō. My Tūtū (great-grandmother) gifted it to me. It means “one who is held in high esteem with the chiefs”. As I have studied a little bit about inoa pō, I understand that an ‘aumakua will send the name to your kupuna, perhaps in a dream, who then must give it to you.
My maiden name has its origins from Germany. They say that it is a common name there, and that the Wengler clan lived in the hills somewhere there. I would really like to visit Germany some time and research my father’s family.
My last name Vignoe was originally Vignali; it has its roots in Italy – my husband is third generation Italian. It means “of the vines”; the family used to make wine in either Naples or Sicily. Anyway, the story that the Vignoes tell us is that when Dave’s grandfather arrived from Italy, immigration people thought it was too hard to say their name, so the officials Americanized their name on the legal papers.
Learning about people’s names is fascinating. It gives us the story of where we came from (nationality), and ties us to a place so that we can trace our genealogy. It also makes us appreciate our kupuna as real people contributing to society, and dealing with real problems of their time. I am so looking forward to learning more in this papa.
Saturday, February 5, 2011
With Love to Our Dear Friend Henry Reed...1946 - 2011
One of my colleagues and dear friends passed away from complications of pneumonia. Last Monday he worked the 1st day of school, went home, his lung collapsed; he went into a coma & passed away two days later, on my husband Dave's birthday. Our dear friend Angie who was so close to Henry sent the text in the wee hours of Thursday am - 1:34 am. I was still up writing. This is the exact same way my mother passed away almost a year ago. Here one day, gone the next. Didn't even get to say goodbye. I am so sad.
Henry Reed was an exceptional human being. He huge heart and was just loved by all who met him. A celebration of his life was held yesterday at Santa Barbara City College where we worked, and the whole community showed up to honor him.
Henry loved Hawaii...so the theme was Aloha. How fitting for the message of Henry's life. Aloha. His family members wore leis. I met each of his four brothers and one of Henry's nephews. I had to laugh, each of them looked a bit like Henry, in their own way. I thought, how clever of God to give us that gift, when our friend is gone, he actually lives on in the faces of his 'ohana.
My hula teacher Angelita had begun teaching a new hula last week. I showed up to class Wednesday 1/26, and she says, "How are you young lady?" I told her I was really sad because our friend fell critically ill on Monday, that he was in a coma in the ICU - nobody was allowed to visit only immediate family - and things were not looking too good. I have been praying for him. She said, "I am so sorry to hear that about your friend". Then she continued to teach "In Dis Life" by Iz Kamakawiwo'ole. I got the chills. The song goes like this:
For all I've been blessed with in my life
There was an emptiness in me
I was a prisoner to the power of gold
With one kind touch you set me free
Let the world stop turning
Let the sun stop burning
Let them tell me love's not worth going through
If it all falls apart
I will know deep in my heart
The only dream that mattered had come true
In this life, I was loved by you...
For every mountain I have climbed
Every raging river falls
You were the treasure that I longed to find
Without your love I would be lost
Let the world stop turning
Let the sun stop burning
Let them tell me love's not worth going through
If it all falls apart
I will know deep in my heart
The only dream that mattered had come true
In this life, I was loved by you...
I know that I won't live forever
But forever I'll be loving you
Let the world stop turning
Let the sun stop burning
Let them tell me love's not worth going through
If it all falls apart
I will know deep in my heart
The only dream that mattered had come true
In this life, I was loved by you...
I went home from hula class and practices, I actually practiced for hours, meditating on the words, thinking about Henry as I danced. I felt like I was giving him energy to do whatever God's will was. Several hours later, Angie's text came. "Dear All, Our beloved Henry is no longer physically with us. Just know that he wouldn't want u to be sad but to relish life. Ang :( " January 27, 1:34 am
The next day the mood was heavy with sadness. I remember seeing my friend Jerry who works in DSPS with Henry, and I told her the story of the song Angelita was teaching, and how I meditated for Henry as I practiced. She looked at me incredulously and said, "You should dance that at his services!" I replied, "Oh, I don't know...we just learned it...I wouldn't be ready..." She said, "Just think about it. Do it for Henry". Of course, I would do anything for Henry. So I called Angelita and asked if we could dance on Friday Feb. 4th. She said, "Cami for your friend, of course."
My hula sisters (Ally, Adrienne, Jackie) Angelita & I danced this hula for Henry and his family. It was very touching, and there wasn't a dry eye in the crowd. That's just what IZ does, he moves people with his beautiful voice and all his Aloha...even from beyond the grave. His Aloha is contagious...and we have the honor of dancing this hula to his beautiful music to pay tribute to Henry. I feel so humbled for the opportunity to give this gift of love to honor someone who was so kind, gentle, compassionate, funny. He inspired me & so many others. His love and zest for life...it was infectious! In fact, you often forgot that he was disabled. Henry had quadriplegia; he contracted a degenerative muscle disease in his pre-pubescent years, at the age of 13. They told him he had only 6 months to live. He was living on borrowed time, and he knew it - so he operated on a higher plane - knowing just how precious every day, every minute was. He often said he'd about used up his nine lives.
Henry lived to be almost 60 years old. He was such an amazing human being. He never let anything stand in his way. He made you believe you could achieve anything you wanted in your life. I remember I was going through a particularly hard time in my life, and I went to see him in his office. I let the tears flow..."It's so hard..." I cried. He looked at me with those great big blue eyes and said, "I know.." Of course you know. Then he said, "and I know you're going to be OK."
I remember asking him to talk to my master's level class at Antioch, where I teach Career Psychology. I said, "Henry, I don't know if this is something you might be able to help me out with...Those students don't know how to do counseling with people with disabilities. do you think you might be able to come and talk to my class?" He answered, "Sure, no problem. Just tell me where and when." Our beautiful friend and neighbor Angie brought Henry to my class. He was tired, he had worked a long day, but he gave his whole heart...and those students got it. His message: Have compassion. Treat your clients with dignity. Give them your best. Earn their trust. My goodness, I miss you, Henry.
I remember one time Henry walked me to my bike. Well, actually I walked, He rolled. Anyway, I bent over to give him a kiss goodbye and noticed, "Hey Henry, Is that a Super Man earing you're wearing?!" He smiled that impish grin, and laughed, "Yeah. You should see my matching underwear."
The last time Henry came to visit me was before Christmas. He looked up at my desk and saw my calendar. He said, "Oh, Hawaii..." He just loved the islands. He really did. He and his 'ohana went on a trip to the islands a few years ago and really had a great time. The weather was warm and his bones didn't hurt as much there. Plus he loved the warm water and the people and the aloha spirit. When I told him I was going to the islands for a month to research, he was so happy for me. He wanted to hear all about my studies when I came back. I made sure to buy him a Hawaiian calendar while I was there this past Holiday.
I meant to give him this small gift when I came back from Hawaii, but got too busy with the start of the Spring semester. For a week it was sitting right there on my desk. In my new years resolution, I decided to make time and schedule lunch with Henry once a month. Now it's too late, and I feel so selfish. I am sorry for so many things, especially for thinking that we have a hundred tomorrows. The lesson is: Don't wait! We need to show the people we love just how much they mean to us. Do it Now. It really sucks to live with regrets.
God Bless you Henry. I am glad you are not suffering anymore. You will be loved forever. Thank you for making our lives so much richer. Each person was so proud to call you their friend. Thank you for making me believe that I can achieve anything I want in my life. We all miss you so so much. Myself, my heart is broken, I miss you so much, you beautiful man. Save me the spot next to you in heaven, OK? Aloha 'oe, dear Henry.
Henry Reed was an exceptional human being. He huge heart and was just loved by all who met him. A celebration of his life was held yesterday at Santa Barbara City College where we worked, and the whole community showed up to honor him.
Henry loved Hawaii...so the theme was Aloha. How fitting for the message of Henry's life. Aloha. His family members wore leis. I met each of his four brothers and one of Henry's nephews. I had to laugh, each of them looked a bit like Henry, in their own way. I thought, how clever of God to give us that gift, when our friend is gone, he actually lives on in the faces of his 'ohana.
My hula teacher Angelita had begun teaching a new hula last week. I showed up to class Wednesday 1/26, and she says, "How are you young lady?" I told her I was really sad because our friend fell critically ill on Monday, that he was in a coma in the ICU - nobody was allowed to visit only immediate family - and things were not looking too good. I have been praying for him. She said, "I am so sorry to hear that about your friend". Then she continued to teach "In Dis Life" by Iz Kamakawiwo'ole. I got the chills. The song goes like this:
For all I've been blessed with in my life
There was an emptiness in me
I was a prisoner to the power of gold
With one kind touch you set me free
Let the world stop turning
Let the sun stop burning
Let them tell me love's not worth going through
If it all falls apart
I will know deep in my heart
The only dream that mattered had come true
In this life, I was loved by you...
For every mountain I have climbed
Every raging river falls
You were the treasure that I longed to find
Without your love I would be lost
Let the world stop turning
Let the sun stop burning
Let them tell me love's not worth going through
If it all falls apart
I will know deep in my heart
The only dream that mattered had come true
In this life, I was loved by you...
I know that I won't live forever
But forever I'll be loving you
Let the world stop turning
Let the sun stop burning
Let them tell me love's not worth going through
If it all falls apart
I will know deep in my heart
The only dream that mattered had come true
In this life, I was loved by you...
I went home from hula class and practices, I actually practiced for hours, meditating on the words, thinking about Henry as I danced. I felt like I was giving him energy to do whatever God's will was. Several hours later, Angie's text came. "Dear All, Our beloved Henry is no longer physically with us. Just know that he wouldn't want u to be sad but to relish life. Ang :( " January 27, 1:34 am
The next day the mood was heavy with sadness. I remember seeing my friend Jerry who works in DSPS with Henry, and I told her the story of the song Angelita was teaching, and how I meditated for Henry as I practiced. She looked at me incredulously and said, "You should dance that at his services!" I replied, "Oh, I don't know...we just learned it...I wouldn't be ready..." She said, "Just think about it. Do it for Henry". Of course, I would do anything for Henry. So I called Angelita and asked if we could dance on Friday Feb. 4th. She said, "Cami for your friend, of course."
My hula sisters (Ally, Adrienne, Jackie) Angelita & I danced this hula for Henry and his family. It was very touching, and there wasn't a dry eye in the crowd. That's just what IZ does, he moves people with his beautiful voice and all his Aloha...even from beyond the grave. His Aloha is contagious...and we have the honor of dancing this hula to his beautiful music to pay tribute to Henry. I feel so humbled for the opportunity to give this gift of love to honor someone who was so kind, gentle, compassionate, funny. He inspired me & so many others. His love and zest for life...it was infectious! In fact, you often forgot that he was disabled. Henry had quadriplegia; he contracted a degenerative muscle disease in his pre-pubescent years, at the age of 13. They told him he had only 6 months to live. He was living on borrowed time, and he knew it - so he operated on a higher plane - knowing just how precious every day, every minute was. He often said he'd about used up his nine lives.
Henry lived to be almost 60 years old. He was such an amazing human being. He never let anything stand in his way. He made you believe you could achieve anything you wanted in your life. I remember I was going through a particularly hard time in my life, and I went to see him in his office. I let the tears flow..."It's so hard..." I cried. He looked at me with those great big blue eyes and said, "I know.." Of course you know. Then he said, "and I know you're going to be OK."
I remember asking him to talk to my master's level class at Antioch, where I teach Career Psychology. I said, "Henry, I don't know if this is something you might be able to help me out with...Those students don't know how to do counseling with people with disabilities. do you think you might be able to come and talk to my class?" He answered, "Sure, no problem. Just tell me where and when." Our beautiful friend and neighbor Angie brought Henry to my class. He was tired, he had worked a long day, but he gave his whole heart...and those students got it. His message: Have compassion. Treat your clients with dignity. Give them your best. Earn their trust. My goodness, I miss you, Henry.
I remember one time Henry walked me to my bike. Well, actually I walked, He rolled. Anyway, I bent over to give him a kiss goodbye and noticed, "Hey Henry, Is that a Super Man earing you're wearing?!" He smiled that impish grin, and laughed, "Yeah. You should see my matching underwear."
The last time Henry came to visit me was before Christmas. He looked up at my desk and saw my calendar. He said, "Oh, Hawaii..." He just loved the islands. He really did. He and his 'ohana went on a trip to the islands a few years ago and really had a great time. The weather was warm and his bones didn't hurt as much there. Plus he loved the warm water and the people and the aloha spirit. When I told him I was going to the islands for a month to research, he was so happy for me. He wanted to hear all about my studies when I came back. I made sure to buy him a Hawaiian calendar while I was there this past Holiday.
I meant to give him this small gift when I came back from Hawaii, but got too busy with the start of the Spring semester. For a week it was sitting right there on my desk. In my new years resolution, I decided to make time and schedule lunch with Henry once a month. Now it's too late, and I feel so selfish. I am sorry for so many things, especially for thinking that we have a hundred tomorrows. The lesson is: Don't wait! We need to show the people we love just how much they mean to us. Do it Now. It really sucks to live with regrets.
God Bless you Henry. I am glad you are not suffering anymore. You will be loved forever. Thank you for making our lives so much richer. Each person was so proud to call you their friend. Thank you for making me believe that I can achieve anything I want in my life. We all miss you so so much. Myself, my heart is broken, I miss you so much, you beautiful man. Save me the spot next to you in heaven, OK? Aloha 'oe, dear Henry.
Sunday, December 12, 2010
Perpetuating Aloha
Aloha e Haumana,
We are asked to answer the question: As a parent of kupuna or caregiver, think about what kind of legacy would I want to leave for my children and family? How will they in turn preserve and perpetuate those family values and ideals that I want to leave with them?
I think about all that I have learned in this online course (Kana'iaupuni), the legacy that our great Ali'i Kamehameha left for us. I also think about his great-grand-daughter Princess Bernice Pauahi Bishop. She had no children of her own, but my goodness, what a legacy she left us! We are her children, the children of Hawai'i, Keiki 'o ka 'Aina... Under her leadership and through her legacy, we have opportunities to become educated, to become self-sufficient, to work hard and become employed, to keep learning and to share our knowledge - to sustain ourselves and to prosper as a people. What an amazing legacy our dear founder left for us.
I think about what I can offer. I am studying the deep concept of Aloha and Aloha as Leadership. I would like to teach Aloha to people who do not live in the islands, or perhaps have never visited once. Aloha is in our hearts and in our consciousness. It is our spiritual connection to the 'aina, our makua, and our kupuna when we are so far away. Aloha reminds us of who we are and where we came from...and what our purpose is here on earth. How cool would it be for each of us, near and far - to live real aloha everyday? Classes like this offer us that opportunity to learn, reflect and share what we have learned. It has been a very special journey for me, one that I would like to continue. This is an excerpt I would like to share, from Legends of Hawaii:Oahu's Yesterday, written by Aunty Pilahi Paki:
"From the Hawai'i point of view, the Hawai'i who know and understand the meaning of Aloha, their knowledge should be sought and they should be consulted in order that others may understand their past and its meanings. Aloha was the basis of Hawai'i's religion. Aloha is the basic element of the Natural Law as lived by God's Children of Nature, the true Hawaii...Aloha should be a positive element...The real Aloha must be lived daily, as a positive element for good, creating beauty on 'Oahu and throughout the world." Pilahi Paki, p. 12 - 13)
Reference: Paki, P. (1972). Legends of Hawaii:Oahu's Yesterday. Edward Enterprises, Honolulu: HI.
We are asked to answer the question: As a parent of kupuna or caregiver, think about what kind of legacy would I want to leave for my children and family? How will they in turn preserve and perpetuate those family values and ideals that I want to leave with them?
I think about all that I have learned in this online course (Kana'iaupuni), the legacy that our great Ali'i Kamehameha left for us. I also think about his great-grand-daughter Princess Bernice Pauahi Bishop. She had no children of her own, but my goodness, what a legacy she left us! We are her children, the children of Hawai'i, Keiki 'o ka 'Aina... Under her leadership and through her legacy, we have opportunities to become educated, to become self-sufficient, to work hard and become employed, to keep learning and to share our knowledge - to sustain ourselves and to prosper as a people. What an amazing legacy our dear founder left for us.
I think about what I can offer. I am studying the deep concept of Aloha and Aloha as Leadership. I would like to teach Aloha to people who do not live in the islands, or perhaps have never visited once. Aloha is in our hearts and in our consciousness. It is our spiritual connection to the 'aina, our makua, and our kupuna when we are so far away. Aloha reminds us of who we are and where we came from...and what our purpose is here on earth. How cool would it be for each of us, near and far - to live real aloha everyday? Classes like this offer us that opportunity to learn, reflect and share what we have learned. It has been a very special journey for me, one that I would like to continue. This is an excerpt I would like to share, from Legends of Hawaii:Oahu's Yesterday, written by Aunty Pilahi Paki:
"From the Hawai'i point of view, the Hawai'i who know and understand the meaning of Aloha, their knowledge should be sought and they should be consulted in order that others may understand their past and its meanings. Aloha was the basis of Hawai'i's religion. Aloha is the basic element of the Natural Law as lived by God's Children of Nature, the true Hawaii...Aloha should be a positive element...The real Aloha must be lived daily, as a positive element for good, creating beauty on 'Oahu and throughout the world." Pilahi Paki, p. 12 - 13)
Reference: Paki, P. (1972). Legends of Hawaii:Oahu's Yesterday. Edward Enterprises, Honolulu: HI.
Saturday, December 11, 2010
Live Aloha
Aloha e Haumana,
I am so enjoying this papa (class) I am taking called Kana'iaupuni and learning about our great leader King Kamehameha. It is wonderful to know about our history and what Hawaiian Leadership is all about. The stories of Kamehameha are fascinating. I especially enjoy learning about his leadership, because that is what I am studying in graduate school.
The question posed to us in our online class is: As a parent, kupuna, or caregiver, how can I use the knowledge learned in my everyday life with my children and family?
Like James, I am neither a parent or kupuna (elder) or caregiver...but I have found ways to lead with aloha, and that is with kindness, love, respect for others, and by being pono (living according to truthfulness) and 'olu'olu (having a pleasant demeanor). At Santa Barbara City College where I work as a counselor, we have quite a few native Hawaiians that attend classes here. Whenever they come to the career center, we greet each other with Aloha, a hug and a kiss. I try to make them feel welcome while they are so far away from home, they get so homesick, especially the younger students from the outer islands like Kauai, Maui, and Moloka'i.
I remember one time hearing a student across the way shout, "Eh, Howzit Aunty!" I looked around to see who the aunty was and realized - oh my goodness, he's talking to me! The 1st time this happened I was shocked because my Hawaiian nieces and nephews were very young at the time, and these students are in their early 20s. In our culture it is polite to call a person who is older Aunty or Uncle - I think because of the common hanai (adopting and caring for our youth) practices. It is a lovely cultural practice and I enjoy being Aunty to my students. Several of my mentors in my graduate program call themselves Aunty or Uncle, and sign their emails as such. It is very cool.
I particularly enjoyed reading about The Law of the Splintered Paddle in the book Kamehameha the Great (1992), by Julie Williams. As the story goes, when Kamehameha was a young warrior, he raided a particular village. One of the villagers who didn't recognize Kamehameha, sneaked up behind the chief and struck him with a paddle, which consequently broke, and ran away. Later in 1797, a full 12 years afterward, the man who struck Kamehameha was brought to trial. The villager knew he was facing death because it was kapu that a commoner even walk in the shadow of a great chief, much less hit him on his sacred po'o (head)! But instead of punishing him, Kamehameha forgave the man! He blamed himself for attacking innocent people, gave the man some land and set him free. Kamehameha then wrote a law to protect the weak from the strong. Mālama hoe kānāwai is the “Law of the
Splintered Paddle".
E nā kānaka,
E mālama ‘oukou i ke akua
A e mālama ho‘i ke kanaka nui a me kanaka iki;
E hele ka ‘elemakule, ka luahine, a me ke kama
A moe i ke ala
‘A‘ohe mea nāna e ho‘opilikia.
Hewa nō. Make.
Law of the Splintered Paddle
O my people,
Honor thy god;
respect alike [the rights of] men great and humble;
See to it that our aged, our women,
and our children
Lie down to sleep by the roadside
Without fear of harm.
Disobey, and die.
What a beautiful story. It brought tears to my eyes. I enjoy sharing the tidbits of knowledge and these interesting stories with my husband Dave, and my colleague Lydia who visits her friends on the Big Island of Hawai'i every year. Last month, my brothers from Hawai'i, Dave and I were visiting our nephew Ikaika in Reno for his Bar Mitzvah. We were driving through the parking lot of a big casino when a guy in a big truck cut us off and stole our parking space. My younger brother who was driving started rattling off some unpleasantries, when I piped up, "Gee, that's not very 'olu'olu, huh?" We all laughed, but it was a good reminder that we can still carry our Hawaiian values here on the mainland. We know who we are and we can challenge ourselves to live with Aloha in our daily lives.
I am so enjoying this papa (class) I am taking called Kana'iaupuni and learning about our great leader King Kamehameha. It is wonderful to know about our history and what Hawaiian Leadership is all about. The stories of Kamehameha are fascinating. I especially enjoy learning about his leadership, because that is what I am studying in graduate school.
The question posed to us in our online class is: As a parent, kupuna, or caregiver, how can I use the knowledge learned in my everyday life with my children and family?
Like James, I am neither a parent or kupuna (elder) or caregiver...but I have found ways to lead with aloha, and that is with kindness, love, respect for others, and by being pono (living according to truthfulness) and 'olu'olu (having a pleasant demeanor). At Santa Barbara City College where I work as a counselor, we have quite a few native Hawaiians that attend classes here. Whenever they come to the career center, we greet each other with Aloha, a hug and a kiss. I try to make them feel welcome while they are so far away from home, they get so homesick, especially the younger students from the outer islands like Kauai, Maui, and Moloka'i.
I remember one time hearing a student across the way shout, "Eh, Howzit Aunty!" I looked around to see who the aunty was and realized - oh my goodness, he's talking to me! The 1st time this happened I was shocked because my Hawaiian nieces and nephews were very young at the time, and these students are in their early 20s. In our culture it is polite to call a person who is older Aunty or Uncle - I think because of the common hanai (adopting and caring for our youth) practices. It is a lovely cultural practice and I enjoy being Aunty to my students. Several of my mentors in my graduate program call themselves Aunty or Uncle, and sign their emails as such. It is very cool.
I particularly enjoyed reading about The Law of the Splintered Paddle in the book Kamehameha the Great (1992), by Julie Williams. As the story goes, when Kamehameha was a young warrior, he raided a particular village. One of the villagers who didn't recognize Kamehameha, sneaked up behind the chief and struck him with a paddle, which consequently broke, and ran away. Later in 1797, a full 12 years afterward, the man who struck Kamehameha was brought to trial. The villager knew he was facing death because it was kapu that a commoner even walk in the shadow of a great chief, much less hit him on his sacred po'o (head)! But instead of punishing him, Kamehameha forgave the man! He blamed himself for attacking innocent people, gave the man some land and set him free. Kamehameha then wrote a law to protect the weak from the strong. Mālama hoe kānāwai is the “Law of the
Splintered Paddle".
E nā kānaka,
E mālama ‘oukou i ke akua
A e mālama ho‘i ke kanaka nui a me kanaka iki;
E hele ka ‘elemakule, ka luahine, a me ke kama
A moe i ke ala
‘A‘ohe mea nāna e ho‘opilikia.
Hewa nō. Make.
Law of the Splintered Paddle
O my people,
Honor thy god;
respect alike [the rights of] men great and humble;
See to it that our aged, our women,
and our children
Lie down to sleep by the roadside
Without fear of harm.
Disobey, and die.
What a beautiful story. It brought tears to my eyes. I enjoy sharing the tidbits of knowledge and these interesting stories with my husband Dave, and my colleague Lydia who visits her friends on the Big Island of Hawai'i every year. Last month, my brothers from Hawai'i, Dave and I were visiting our nephew Ikaika in Reno for his Bar Mitzvah. We were driving through the parking lot of a big casino when a guy in a big truck cut us off and stole our parking space. My younger brother who was driving started rattling off some unpleasantries, when I piped up, "Gee, that's not very 'olu'olu, huh?" We all laughed, but it was a good reminder that we can still carry our Hawaiian values here on the mainland. We know who we are and we can challenge ourselves to live with Aloha in our daily lives.
Saturday, November 6, 2010
Saturday Nov. 6th - 2nd day of Virtual Support Residency Weekend
Saturday, November 6, 2010
Elaine, our professor and writing coach has offered to help with writing procrastination and tight organization of our work. I am happy to report that I’m on a writing roll. Unfortunately, I hadn’t yet written anything on this learning achievement, and therefore did not have anything to submit for review. Maybe I can solicit a session with Elaine in the next few weeks?
Stayed up too late last night thinking, reading, and writing which caused me to miss the Early Morning Coffee drop in session with Deb at 9:30 am YS (6:30 am PST). How could this happen – I am usually up early every morning no matter how late I stay up! Kristin, my colleague at work gifted me my Native American name, “The woman who never sleeps”. Whatever!
If you’ve ever been on a brisk early morning walk with Deb in Keene in the fall, or if she’s taken you on a guided tour through the Glen in Yellow Springs, you know just how special it is to spend early morning time with Deb. She gets your body and brain ready for an incredible learning day. Early Morning Coffee Session with Deb is the same idea, but in a virtual setting. It’s awesome, and I missed it. Oh well, perhaps tomorrow?
Anyway, I took Carolyn’s advice from yesterday: worked out at the athletic club with Dave this evening, and had a small but heavenly piece of chocolate. (OK, truth be told, it was left-over Halloween candy, but that peanut butter cup really hit the spot!). Here is what I accomplished today:
1. Attended an appointment with Elizabeth, and confirmed the set up of my CAM grid, which will include a Topical Lit Review. Under each of the topics – Authentic Leadership and Pedagogy of Aloha – I will list the articles by method.
2. Spoke with my colleague Rick Warm regarding the grid: do you use excel or Word table? He sent me some great resources for with I am thankful.
3. I am getting a well-rounded view by reading about how different scholars conducted research for their Lit Review; I’m trying to see if I missed anything and also trying to figure out the best way to write mine. I read two more CAM exemplars from Cohort 6 colleagues who have already advanced to candidacy:
a. Martha Miser’s Women’s Approach to Democracy. Martha is an amazing scholar and writer; her paper was a well constructed with a multi-colored Boolean search, beautiful grid and very thorough references…82 pages long!
b. Wayne Curtis sent me his Critical Analysis of Methods Literature of Social Entrepreneurship. His work is clean and straight forward, 46 pages long – half the size of Martha’s – with a nice description of his search techniques, which included very good articles found on Google Scholar…Hmm..
4. So I discovered a very cool research tool called Google Scholar…even found some Native Hawaiian journal articles, but I am clumsy at using this tool to search, save and send, so I…
5. Scheduled an appointment with Deb for tomorrow to ask her some research questions. Oh, and did you know that Deb's Lib Guides have great CAM resources? From there I..
6. Downloaded the article she had posted: Scholars before researchers: On the centrality of the Dissertation literature review in research preparation. This article gives background for why a thorough lit review is foundational for substantial, useful research. I highly recommend it.
7. The last thing I did tonight was write an outline of my CAM.
I think I will be able to meet my writing goals of 5 – 7 pages by the end of the residency tomorrow. I already have the outline and am starting to fill it in – three pages written so far. Goodnight!
Elaine, our professor and writing coach has offered to help with writing procrastination and tight organization of our work. I am happy to report that I’m on a writing roll. Unfortunately, I hadn’t yet written anything on this learning achievement, and therefore did not have anything to submit for review. Maybe I can solicit a session with Elaine in the next few weeks?
Stayed up too late last night thinking, reading, and writing which caused me to miss the Early Morning Coffee drop in session with Deb at 9:30 am YS (6:30 am PST). How could this happen – I am usually up early every morning no matter how late I stay up! Kristin, my colleague at work gifted me my Native American name, “The woman who never sleeps”. Whatever!
If you’ve ever been on a brisk early morning walk with Deb in Keene in the fall, or if she’s taken you on a guided tour through the Glen in Yellow Springs, you know just how special it is to spend early morning time with Deb. She gets your body and brain ready for an incredible learning day. Early Morning Coffee Session with Deb is the same idea, but in a virtual setting. It’s awesome, and I missed it. Oh well, perhaps tomorrow?
Anyway, I took Carolyn’s advice from yesterday: worked out at the athletic club with Dave this evening, and had a small but heavenly piece of chocolate. (OK, truth be told, it was left-over Halloween candy, but that peanut butter cup really hit the spot!). Here is what I accomplished today:
1. Attended an appointment with Elizabeth, and confirmed the set up of my CAM grid, which will include a Topical Lit Review. Under each of the topics – Authentic Leadership and Pedagogy of Aloha – I will list the articles by method.
2. Spoke with my colleague Rick Warm regarding the grid: do you use excel or Word table? He sent me some great resources for with I am thankful.
3. I am getting a well-rounded view by reading about how different scholars conducted research for their Lit Review; I’m trying to see if I missed anything and also trying to figure out the best way to write mine. I read two more CAM exemplars from Cohort 6 colleagues who have already advanced to candidacy:
a. Martha Miser’s Women’s Approach to Democracy. Martha is an amazing scholar and writer; her paper was a well constructed with a multi-colored Boolean search, beautiful grid and very thorough references…82 pages long!
b. Wayne Curtis sent me his Critical Analysis of Methods Literature of Social Entrepreneurship. His work is clean and straight forward, 46 pages long – half the size of Martha’s – with a nice description of his search techniques, which included very good articles found on Google Scholar…Hmm..
4. So I discovered a very cool research tool called Google Scholar…even found some Native Hawaiian journal articles, but I am clumsy at using this tool to search, save and send, so I…
5. Scheduled an appointment with Deb for tomorrow to ask her some research questions. Oh, and did you know that Deb's Lib Guides have great CAM resources? From there I..
6. Downloaded the article she had posted: Scholars before researchers: On the centrality of the Dissertation literature review in research preparation. This article gives background for why a thorough lit review is foundational for substantial, useful research. I highly recommend it.
7. The last thing I did tonight was write an outline of my CAM.
I think I will be able to meet my writing goals of 5 – 7 pages by the end of the residency tomorrow. I already have the outline and am starting to fill it in – three pages written so far. Goodnight!
Friday, November 5, 2010
Friday Nov. 5th - 1st day of Virtual Support Residency Weekend
This weekend the Ph.D. in Leadership and Change Program is hosting a Virtual Support Residency (VSR) for students in cohort 5, 6, and 7 who have not advanced to candidacy. By "not advanced", I mean we still have work products or Learning Achievements that must be written, completed and evaluated before we can begin dissertation work. In any case, there are about a dozen of us attending. I will be documenting my journey for the next couple of days on our Sakai online platform, and posting it here since Sakai is private place for the professors and students to meet and discuss their work, and this is a public place where I can share my work.
Friday, Nov. 5, 2010
At 7 pm YS (4 pm PST) we all logged into the opening session and announced our goals for the virtual residency weekend. It was great to connect with Deb Baldwin, Elizabeth Holloway and Carolyn Kenny, our professors, and Wendy McGraw, our Sakai Technical Wizard/virtual conference support. Our professors had writing goals as well, which they shared with us as well. I was tickled to know they are in the writing and editing process right with us, except they are writing books that will be published. How cool is that?
For me, I enjoy hearing from our classmates about their experiences and seeing their faces through the online meeting room. Somehow, I don’t feel as isolated on this journey. I feel bad for some of my other colleagues who are struggling with completing their LAs (learning achievements) and unable to join us.
I have switched gears from writing my ILA essay and am choosing to work on the CAM (Critical Review of Methods) learning achievement; these are my accomplishments today:
1. Reviewed the CAM PowerPoint slide show that Elizabeth put together for us. Somehow it makes so much more sense the 3rd time around…
2. Reviewed my CAM discussion notes from a phone conversation I had with Elizabeth in September, regarding doing a literature review that combines the topics of Authentic Leadership and the Pedagogy of Aloha.
3. Touched base with Carolyn Kenny my advisor, regarding a new time line of finished learning products.
4. Read Shelly Chapman’s CAM exemplar entitled How We Know What We Know about Transformative Learning Theory
Friday, Nov. 5, 2010
At 7 pm YS (4 pm PST) we all logged into the opening session and announced our goals for the virtual residency weekend. It was great to connect with Deb Baldwin, Elizabeth Holloway and Carolyn Kenny, our professors, and Wendy McGraw, our Sakai Technical Wizard/virtual conference support. Our professors had writing goals as well, which they shared with us as well. I was tickled to know they are in the writing and editing process right with us, except they are writing books that will be published. How cool is that?
For me, I enjoy hearing from our classmates about their experiences and seeing their faces through the online meeting room. Somehow, I don’t feel as isolated on this journey. I feel bad for some of my other colleagues who are struggling with completing their LAs (learning achievements) and unable to join us.
I have switched gears from writing my ILA essay and am choosing to work on the CAM (Critical Review of Methods) learning achievement; these are my accomplishments today:
1. Reviewed the CAM PowerPoint slide show that Elizabeth put together for us. Somehow it makes so much more sense the 3rd time around…
2. Reviewed my CAM discussion notes from a phone conversation I had with Elizabeth in September, regarding doing a literature review that combines the topics of Authentic Leadership and the Pedagogy of Aloha.
3. Touched base with Carolyn Kenny my advisor, regarding a new time line of finished learning products.
4. Read Shelly Chapman’s CAM exemplar entitled How We Know What We Know about Transformative Learning Theory
Tuesday, October 26, 2010
Timeline in Hawaiian History...1977 - 2005
1976 – The Hōkūleʻa , a replica of an ancient voyaging double-hulled canoe sails from Hawai‘i on May 1 and reaches Tahiti on June 4. The voyage is symbolic to the Hawaiian cultural movement.
• The University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa establishes B.A. programs in Hawaiian language and Hawaiian Studies to meet the growing student demand for these programs.
1977 – ‘Ahahui ‘ōlelo Hawai‘i, a non-profit organization dedicated to the perpetuation of the Hawaiian language is incorporated. Headed by Dorothy Kahananui, it provides Hawaiian language classes for adults, publications, resource persons, and workshops. A similar organization, Hui Ho‘oulu ‘ōlelo Hawai‘i is founded in Hilo by Edith Kanaka‘ole, a leader in the revitalization of traditional Hawaiian hula. (www.ahapunanaleo.org)
1978 – Hawai‘i celebrates the bicentennial of the arrival of Captain James Cook.
• The Hōkūle‘a capsizes in rough seas 20 miles off Moloka‘i; 15 of the crew are rescued. Eddie Aikau (1946 – 1978), 31, went in search of help on a surfboard, is lost at sea.
• Hawai‘i's Judi Andersen is crowned Miss USA.
• Governor Ariyoshi wins re-election; Jean King is the state's first woman lieutenant governor.
• John Waihe‘e, president of the Constitutional Convention, submits two provisions for the State Constitution: that the Hawaiian language be accorded the status of official language along with English; and that the study of Hawaiian be accorded special promotion by the State. Both provisions are passed. (www.ahapunanaleo.org)
1979 – Hawai‘i attracts four million visitors that year.
1982 – Eileen R. Anderson becomes the state's first woman mayor, defeating Frank F. Fasi for the office of mayor of Honolulu.
• Hurricane ‘Iwa strikes Kaua‘i, causing an estimated $234 million in damage.
• University of Hawai‘i at Hilo initiates a Hawaiian Studies degree program taught through Hawaiian. The focus of the degree is traditional Hawaiian language and culture, especially performing arts, to complement the focus of the Mānoa campus B.A. on Hawaiian history and politics. This is the first time that Hawaiian has been used as a medium of government funded education since 1895. (www.ahapunanaleo.org)
1983 – Kilauea volcano erupts at Napau crater, with lava flow stretching four miles, rolling through two houses and countess acres of forest land above Kalapana.
• Hawaiian language teachers Ilei Beniamina, Hōkūlani Cleeland, Kauanoe Kamanā, Larry Kimura, No‘eau Warner, Koki Williams, and Pila Wilson meet on Kaua‘i to discuss dismal state of Hawaiian language. They form a grassroots organization, ‘Aha Pūnana Leo, Inc., “The Language Nest Corporation”. (www.ahapunanaleo.org)
1984 – Frank Fasi elected mayor of Honolulu once again, defeating Eileen Anderson.
• The 25th anniversary of statehood.
• The first Pūnana Leo preschool opens in Kekaha, Kaua‘i, funded by Alu Like. Books and teaching materials must be created or translated into Hawaiian from English. (www.ahapunanaleo.org)
1985 – The 100th anniversary of Japanese immigration to Hawai‘i.
• Pūnana Leo ‘O Honolulu opens in Kalihi and Pūnana Leo ‘O Hilo opens. The method of teaching is entirely in Hawaiian with no English, and becomes established in all Pūnana Leo schools. Inadequate funding results in strong parent participation via in-kind service. This develops into the hana makua or “parent participation” component. (www.ahapunanaleo.org)
1986 – Astronaut Ellison Onizuka (1946 – 1986), 39, is killed in the explosion of the space shuttle Challenger.
• John Waihe‘e is elected governor, the first elected state governor of Hawaiian ancestry.
• Pūnana Leo graduates enter kindergarten in public school and are assigned to the SLEP (Student with Limited English Proficiency) program for immigrants. Hilo parents refuse to send their children and instead, teach kindergarten in Hawaiian at Pūnana Leo ‘o Hilo, now referred to as Kula Kaiapuni Hawai‘i “Hawaiian environment school.” ‘Aha Pūnana Leo decides to reestablish public education through Hawaiian rather than creating more preschools. (www.ahapunanaleo.org)
1987 – The first elementary indigenous language immersion classes in the United States officially begin at Keaukaha Elementary in Hilo and Waiau Elementary in Pearl City. Pūnana Leo ‘O Maui opens. (www.ahapunanaleo.org)
1988 – Frank Fasi is re-elected mayor of Honolulu.
• With a F.I.P.S.E. grant from the federal government to ‘Aha Pūnana Leo president Larry Kimura, teacher training begins for the immersion program. (www.ahapunanaleo.org)
• The passing of Native Hawaiian Education Act (NHEA) draws attention to the high literacy rates of Hawaiians at the time of annexation and the sharp drop in literacy during the period of American control. NHEA serves to help restore the linguistic integrity and educational excellence that were lost to Native Hawaiians when federal government policy denied Native Hawaiians the right to a public education through the medium of Hawaiian language and culture. (www.ahapunanaleo.org)
1989 – The 100th anniversary of Father Damien’s death.
• 1990 – 2000 – The Office of Hawaiian Affairs, Department of Hawaiian Homelands, and the Kamehameha Schools are accused of violating racial discrimination laws in providing services only to those who can demonstrate Native Hawaiian ancestry. These suits endanger the resource base of the Native Hawaiian people, and block further public support for federal recognition of Hawaiians as a unique indigenous people of the United States. The claim of indigenous status highlights the importance of strengthening of the Hawaiian language and culture. (www.ahapunanaleo.org)
1990 – U.S. Senator Spark Matsunaga (1916 – 1990) 73, dies on April 15.
• John Waihe‘e is reelected governor.
• Kalapana Mauna Kea Congregational Church is destroyed by lava from Kilauea volcano.
• A statue of Duke Kahanamoku is erected at Kuhio Beach in Waikiki.
1991 – Miss Hawai‘i Carolyn Sapp becomes Miss America.
1992 – Hurricane Iniki causes massive devastation on Kaua‘i.
• Dole Foods Co. closes down Lanai Plantation.
• Voyaging canoe Hokule‘a returns from a 5,500-mile voyage, including a first-time voyage to Rarotonga.
• The 100th anniversary of the founding of the Hawaiian Historical Society.
• Frank Fasi elected to a fifth term as mayor of Honolulu.
1993 – The 100th anniversary of the overthrow of the Hawaiian kingdom.
• The Rev. Paul Sherry, president of the United Church of Christ of the United States, formally apologizes to Native Hawaiians for the church’s role in the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy.
• The U.S. Senate apologizes to Hawaiians for the illegal overthrow of the Hawaiian kingdom in 1893.
• President Bill Clinton signs a Congressional Resolution acknowledging the illegal overthrow of the Hawaiian kingdom in 1893.
• The remains of Henry Opukaha‘ia, the first Hawaiian to convert to Christianity, are returned to Hawai‘i from Connecticut and reburied in Kahikolu Cemetery in Napo‘opo‘o.
• A statue of Robert William Kalanihiapo Wilcox is unveiled in Wilcox Park in Downtown Honolulu.
1994 – First regularly scheduled Hawaiian-language news broadcast presented on public radio.
• The island of Kaho‘olawe is officially transferred by the federal government to the state of Hawai‘i.
• Hamakua Sugar Company closes.
• Benjamin Cayetano is elected the fifth governor of Hawai‘i, and serves until 2002. He is the first Filipino American to serve as a state governor in the United States.
1995 – Voyaging canoes Hōkūle‘a and Hawai‘iloa complete a 21-day trip from Hawai‘i to Tahiti.
• After 98 years, the O‘ahu Sugar Company grinds its last cane at its Waipahu sugar mill.
• Songwriter R. Alex Anderson, 100, known writing "Lovely Hula Hands" and "Mele Kalikimaka," dies.
1997 – Brook Mahealani Lee of Pearl City is crowned Miss Universe.
• June 26 – Israel "IZ" Ka‘ano‘i Kamakawiwo‘ole (1959 – 1997), 38, dies.
1999 – After 57 years, the Navy closes Barbers Point Naval Air Station.
2004 – The University of Hawai‘i Board of Regents approves UH-Hilo's first doctoral program, Ka Haka ‘Ula O Ke‘elikōlani's PhD. in Indigenous Language and Cultural Revitalization.
2005 – The University of Hawai‘i Board of Regents approves the offering of an M.A. in Hawaiian and an M.A. in Hawaiian Studies at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa.
• The University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa establishes B.A. programs in Hawaiian language and Hawaiian Studies to meet the growing student demand for these programs.
1977 – ‘Ahahui ‘ōlelo Hawai‘i, a non-profit organization dedicated to the perpetuation of the Hawaiian language is incorporated. Headed by Dorothy Kahananui, it provides Hawaiian language classes for adults, publications, resource persons, and workshops. A similar organization, Hui Ho‘oulu ‘ōlelo Hawai‘i is founded in Hilo by Edith Kanaka‘ole, a leader in the revitalization of traditional Hawaiian hula. (www.ahapunanaleo.org)
1978 – Hawai‘i celebrates the bicentennial of the arrival of Captain James Cook.
• The Hōkūle‘a capsizes in rough seas 20 miles off Moloka‘i; 15 of the crew are rescued. Eddie Aikau (1946 – 1978), 31, went in search of help on a surfboard, is lost at sea.
• Hawai‘i's Judi Andersen is crowned Miss USA.
• Governor Ariyoshi wins re-election; Jean King is the state's first woman lieutenant governor.
• John Waihe‘e, president of the Constitutional Convention, submits two provisions for the State Constitution: that the Hawaiian language be accorded the status of official language along with English; and that the study of Hawaiian be accorded special promotion by the State. Both provisions are passed. (www.ahapunanaleo.org)
1979 – Hawai‘i attracts four million visitors that year.
1982 – Eileen R. Anderson becomes the state's first woman mayor, defeating Frank F. Fasi for the office of mayor of Honolulu.
• Hurricane ‘Iwa strikes Kaua‘i, causing an estimated $234 million in damage.
• University of Hawai‘i at Hilo initiates a Hawaiian Studies degree program taught through Hawaiian. The focus of the degree is traditional Hawaiian language and culture, especially performing arts, to complement the focus of the Mānoa campus B.A. on Hawaiian history and politics. This is the first time that Hawaiian has been used as a medium of government funded education since 1895. (www.ahapunanaleo.org)
1983 – Kilauea volcano erupts at Napau crater, with lava flow stretching four miles, rolling through two houses and countess acres of forest land above Kalapana.
• Hawaiian language teachers Ilei Beniamina, Hōkūlani Cleeland, Kauanoe Kamanā, Larry Kimura, No‘eau Warner, Koki Williams, and Pila Wilson meet on Kaua‘i to discuss dismal state of Hawaiian language. They form a grassroots organization, ‘Aha Pūnana Leo, Inc., “The Language Nest Corporation”. (www.ahapunanaleo.org)
1984 – Frank Fasi elected mayor of Honolulu once again, defeating Eileen Anderson.
• The 25th anniversary of statehood.
• The first Pūnana Leo preschool opens in Kekaha, Kaua‘i, funded by Alu Like. Books and teaching materials must be created or translated into Hawaiian from English. (www.ahapunanaleo.org)
1985 – The 100th anniversary of Japanese immigration to Hawai‘i.
• Pūnana Leo ‘O Honolulu opens in Kalihi and Pūnana Leo ‘O Hilo opens. The method of teaching is entirely in Hawaiian with no English, and becomes established in all Pūnana Leo schools. Inadequate funding results in strong parent participation via in-kind service. This develops into the hana makua or “parent participation” component. (www.ahapunanaleo.org)
1986 – Astronaut Ellison Onizuka (1946 – 1986), 39, is killed in the explosion of the space shuttle Challenger.
• John Waihe‘e is elected governor, the first elected state governor of Hawaiian ancestry.
• Pūnana Leo graduates enter kindergarten in public school and are assigned to the SLEP (Student with Limited English Proficiency) program for immigrants. Hilo parents refuse to send their children and instead, teach kindergarten in Hawaiian at Pūnana Leo ‘o Hilo, now referred to as Kula Kaiapuni Hawai‘i “Hawaiian environment school.” ‘Aha Pūnana Leo decides to reestablish public education through Hawaiian rather than creating more preschools. (www.ahapunanaleo.org)
1987 – The first elementary indigenous language immersion classes in the United States officially begin at Keaukaha Elementary in Hilo and Waiau Elementary in Pearl City. Pūnana Leo ‘O Maui opens. (www.ahapunanaleo.org)
1988 – Frank Fasi is re-elected mayor of Honolulu.
• With a F.I.P.S.E. grant from the federal government to ‘Aha Pūnana Leo president Larry Kimura, teacher training begins for the immersion program. (www.ahapunanaleo.org)
• The passing of Native Hawaiian Education Act (NHEA) draws attention to the high literacy rates of Hawaiians at the time of annexation and the sharp drop in literacy during the period of American control. NHEA serves to help restore the linguistic integrity and educational excellence that were lost to Native Hawaiians when federal government policy denied Native Hawaiians the right to a public education through the medium of Hawaiian language and culture. (www.ahapunanaleo.org)
1989 – The 100th anniversary of Father Damien’s death.
• 1990 – 2000 – The Office of Hawaiian Affairs, Department of Hawaiian Homelands, and the Kamehameha Schools are accused of violating racial discrimination laws in providing services only to those who can demonstrate Native Hawaiian ancestry. These suits endanger the resource base of the Native Hawaiian people, and block further public support for federal recognition of Hawaiians as a unique indigenous people of the United States. The claim of indigenous status highlights the importance of strengthening of the Hawaiian language and culture. (www.ahapunanaleo.org)
1990 – U.S. Senator Spark Matsunaga (1916 – 1990) 73, dies on April 15.
• John Waihe‘e is reelected governor.
• Kalapana Mauna Kea Congregational Church is destroyed by lava from Kilauea volcano.
• A statue of Duke Kahanamoku is erected at Kuhio Beach in Waikiki.
1991 – Miss Hawai‘i Carolyn Sapp becomes Miss America.
1992 – Hurricane Iniki causes massive devastation on Kaua‘i.
• Dole Foods Co. closes down Lanai Plantation.
• Voyaging canoe Hokule‘a returns from a 5,500-mile voyage, including a first-time voyage to Rarotonga.
• The 100th anniversary of the founding of the Hawaiian Historical Society.
• Frank Fasi elected to a fifth term as mayor of Honolulu.
1993 – The 100th anniversary of the overthrow of the Hawaiian kingdom.
• The Rev. Paul Sherry, president of the United Church of Christ of the United States, formally apologizes to Native Hawaiians for the church’s role in the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy.
• The U.S. Senate apologizes to Hawaiians for the illegal overthrow of the Hawaiian kingdom in 1893.
• President Bill Clinton signs a Congressional Resolution acknowledging the illegal overthrow of the Hawaiian kingdom in 1893.
• The remains of Henry Opukaha‘ia, the first Hawaiian to convert to Christianity, are returned to Hawai‘i from Connecticut and reburied in Kahikolu Cemetery in Napo‘opo‘o.
• A statue of Robert William Kalanihiapo Wilcox is unveiled in Wilcox Park in Downtown Honolulu.
1994 – First regularly scheduled Hawaiian-language news broadcast presented on public radio.
• The island of Kaho‘olawe is officially transferred by the federal government to the state of Hawai‘i.
• Hamakua Sugar Company closes.
• Benjamin Cayetano is elected the fifth governor of Hawai‘i, and serves until 2002. He is the first Filipino American to serve as a state governor in the United States.
1995 – Voyaging canoes Hōkūle‘a and Hawai‘iloa complete a 21-day trip from Hawai‘i to Tahiti.
• After 98 years, the O‘ahu Sugar Company grinds its last cane at its Waipahu sugar mill.
• Songwriter R. Alex Anderson, 100, known writing "Lovely Hula Hands" and "Mele Kalikimaka," dies.
1997 – Brook Mahealani Lee of Pearl City is crowned Miss Universe.
• June 26 – Israel "IZ" Ka‘ano‘i Kamakawiwo‘ole (1959 – 1997), 38, dies.
1999 – After 57 years, the Navy closes Barbers Point Naval Air Station.
2004 – The University of Hawai‘i Board of Regents approves UH-Hilo's first doctoral program, Ka Haka ‘Ula O Ke‘elikōlani's PhD. in Indigenous Language and Cultural Revitalization.
2005 – The University of Hawai‘i Board of Regents approves the offering of an M.A. in Hawaiian and an M.A. in Hawaiian Studies at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa.
Monday, October 25, 2010
Timeline in Hawaiian History...1950 - 1975
1950 – In an effort to obtain statehood, a Hawai‘i Constitutional Convention convenes; the resulting constitution is later ratified by voters.
• The U.S. House Committee on Un-American Activities convenes in ‘Iolani Palace to conduct hearings on Communist influence in Hawai‘i's labor organizations.
1952 – The first regular television programming in Hawai‘i begins on KGMB-TV.
1953 – Samuel Wilder King (1886-1959) is named governor of the Territory of Hawai'i; he is the first part-Hawaiian governor of the Islands.
1954 – Japan Airlines inaugurates service between Tokyo and Honolulu.
• Joseph R. Farrington (1897 – 1954), 56, Hawai‘i delegate to Congress and leader of the statehood movement, dies in Washington, D.C.
1957 – Color television is first seen in Hawai‘i.
• The Nu‘uanu Pali bridge and tunnel opens to traffic.
• Tūtū Mary Kawena Puku‘i co-authors the Hawaiian-English Dictionary (1957) with Samuel H. Elbert.
1958 – James Drummond Dole (1877–1958), 80, founder of Hawai‘i's pineapple industry, dies.
• Tūtū Mary Kawena Puku‘i co-authors The Polynesian family system in Ka‘u, Hawai‘i (1958) with Dr. E. S. Handy.
1959 – Alaska is officially proclaimed the Forty-ninth State on January 3.
• Statehood for Hawai‘i is approved by the U.S. Senate on March 11 and by the House on March 12. An act signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower designating Hawai‘i the fiftieth state becomes law on March 18.
• Ground is broken for a new $24 million Honolulu airport.
• March 24 – Samuel Wilder King (1886-1959), 72, former governor of Hawai‘i and delegate to Congress, dies.
• The first general election after statehood takes place on July 28, and William F. Quinn, a Republican, becomes Hawai‘i's first state governor. The third Friday in August is designated Admission Day.
1960 – The fiftieth star is added to the U.S. flag on July 4.
1961 – Haleakalā National Park is dedicated.
• The Pali tunnel officially open to two-way traffic.
1962 – John A. Burns (1909 – 1975) is elected the state's second governor in the November elections. He serves as the second Governor of Hawai'i from 1962 to 1974.
1965 – Bus service begins between Honolulu and Kailua.
• Camilla “Cami” Grace Fusae Ka ‘iuhono ‘onalani Wengler Vignoe is the second daughter born to Harry and Charlotte Wengler.
1966 – William Shaw Richardson (1919 – 2010) becomes the first part-Hawaiian chief justice of the state Supreme Court.
• Tūtū Mary Kawena Puku‘i co-authors Place Names of Hawai‘i (1966) with Samuel H. Elbert and Esther Mo‘okini.
1967 – The State Statuary Hall Commission chooses Marisol Escobar's seven-foot bronze statue of Father Damien for National Statuary Hall in Washington, D.C.
• Hawai‘i attracts one million tourists in a single year.
1968 – Duke Kahanamoku (1890 – 1968), 77, dies.
• Hawaii Five-0 has its world premiere; it becomes a CBS series for the 1968-1969 television season.
• Neighbor Island counties elect their first mayors.
• Frank F. Fasi (1920 – 2010) is elected mayor of Honolulu; Fasi serves six terms – 22 years – as mayor of Honolulu.
1969 – The new Fort Street Mall is dedicated in downtown Honolulu.
• The first astronauts to visit the moon return to earth and are picked up at sea along with their Apollo 11 craft, by the U.S.S. Hornet, which arrives at Pearl Harbor, July 26. The men are taken to Hickam Air Force Base and flown to the mainland.
1971 – The $62 million Sheraton Waikiki opens.
1972 – The Hawai‘i Legislature ratifies the Equal Rights Amendment within 45 minutes of its passage in Congress. Hawai‘i was the first state to ratify.
• The state of Hawai‘i attracts two million tourists.
• Tūtū Mary Kawena Puku‘i authors Nānā i ke Kumu: Look to the source volumes I and II (1972).
1973 – Tūtū Mary Kawena Puku‘i works with Alfons L. Korn to translate and edit The echo of our song: Chants and poems of the Hawaiians (1973).
1974 – George Ariyoshi, the country's first governor of Japanese ancestry, is elected.
• The U.S. House Committee on Un-American Activities convenes in ‘Iolani Palace to conduct hearings on Communist influence in Hawai‘i's labor organizations.
1952 – The first regular television programming in Hawai‘i begins on KGMB-TV.
1953 – Samuel Wilder King (1886-1959) is named governor of the Territory of Hawai'i; he is the first part-Hawaiian governor of the Islands.
1954 – Japan Airlines inaugurates service between Tokyo and Honolulu.
• Joseph R. Farrington (1897 – 1954), 56, Hawai‘i delegate to Congress and leader of the statehood movement, dies in Washington, D.C.
1957 – Color television is first seen in Hawai‘i.
• The Nu‘uanu Pali bridge and tunnel opens to traffic.
• Tūtū Mary Kawena Puku‘i co-authors the Hawaiian-English Dictionary (1957) with Samuel H. Elbert.
1958 – James Drummond Dole (1877–1958), 80, founder of Hawai‘i's pineapple industry, dies.
• Tūtū Mary Kawena Puku‘i co-authors The Polynesian family system in Ka‘u, Hawai‘i (1958) with Dr. E. S. Handy.
1959 – Alaska is officially proclaimed the Forty-ninth State on January 3.
• Statehood for Hawai‘i is approved by the U.S. Senate on March 11 and by the House on March 12. An act signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower designating Hawai‘i the fiftieth state becomes law on March 18.
• Ground is broken for a new $24 million Honolulu airport.
• March 24 – Samuel Wilder King (1886-1959), 72, former governor of Hawai‘i and delegate to Congress, dies.
• The first general election after statehood takes place on July 28, and William F. Quinn, a Republican, becomes Hawai‘i's first state governor. The third Friday in August is designated Admission Day.
1960 – The fiftieth star is added to the U.S. flag on July 4.
1961 – Haleakalā National Park is dedicated.
• The Pali tunnel officially open to two-way traffic.
1962 – John A. Burns (1909 – 1975) is elected the state's second governor in the November elections. He serves as the second Governor of Hawai'i from 1962 to 1974.
1965 – Bus service begins between Honolulu and Kailua.
• Camilla “Cami” Grace Fusae Ka ‘iuhono ‘onalani Wengler Vignoe is the second daughter born to Harry and Charlotte Wengler.
1966 – William Shaw Richardson (1919 – 2010) becomes the first part-Hawaiian chief justice of the state Supreme Court.
• Tūtū Mary Kawena Puku‘i co-authors Place Names of Hawai‘i (1966) with Samuel H. Elbert and Esther Mo‘okini.
1967 – The State Statuary Hall Commission chooses Marisol Escobar's seven-foot bronze statue of Father Damien for National Statuary Hall in Washington, D.C.
• Hawai‘i attracts one million tourists in a single year.
1968 – Duke Kahanamoku (1890 – 1968), 77, dies.
• Hawaii Five-0 has its world premiere; it becomes a CBS series for the 1968-1969 television season.
• Neighbor Island counties elect their first mayors.
• Frank F. Fasi (1920 – 2010) is elected mayor of Honolulu; Fasi serves six terms – 22 years – as mayor of Honolulu.
1969 – The new Fort Street Mall is dedicated in downtown Honolulu.
• The first astronauts to visit the moon return to earth and are picked up at sea along with their Apollo 11 craft, by the U.S.S. Hornet, which arrives at Pearl Harbor, July 26. The men are taken to Hickam Air Force Base and flown to the mainland.
1971 – The $62 million Sheraton Waikiki opens.
1972 – The Hawai‘i Legislature ratifies the Equal Rights Amendment within 45 minutes of its passage in Congress. Hawai‘i was the first state to ratify.
• The state of Hawai‘i attracts two million tourists.
• Tūtū Mary Kawena Puku‘i authors Nānā i ke Kumu: Look to the source volumes I and II (1972).
1973 – Tūtū Mary Kawena Puku‘i works with Alfons L. Korn to translate and edit The echo of our song: Chants and poems of the Hawaiians (1973).
1974 – George Ariyoshi, the country's first governor of Japanese ancestry, is elected.
Sunday, October 24, 2010
Timeline in Hawaiian History...1925 - 1949
1926 – The cornerstone for St. Francis Hospital is laid.
• Bishop Estate announces plans for a $2.5 million Kamehameha Schools campus.
• June 9 – Sanford B. Dole (1844 – 1946), 82, first president of the Republic of Hawai‘i and first governor of the Territory of Hawai‘i, dies.
1927 – The Royal Hawaiian Hotel, built at a cost of $4 million, opens.
• The John Rodgers Airport (now Honolulu International Airport) is dedicated.
• The first successful nonstop air flight from the mainland, Oakland to Hawai‘i is flown.
1928 – First chain grocery store in Hawai‘i, Oakland-based Piggly Wiggly, opens in Honolulu.
• May 1 is designated Lei Day in Hawai‘i.
• Mary Kawena Puku‘i, 33, begins translating Hawaiian writings into English at the Bernice P. Bishop Museum. From then on, she works actively at passing on her knowledge, sometimes in collaborations with others (Bishop Museum Archives, 2010).
1931 – Kapi‘olani Boulevard from Ward to Sheridan is opened to traffic.
1932 – Princess Elizabeth Kalaniana'ole (1879 – 1932), 52, dies. Wife of Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalaniana‘ole, she was the former President of the Native Sons and Daughters of Hawai‘i and the Ka‘ahumanu Society, and Regent of Hui Kalama.
1934 – President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the first U.S. president to visit Hawai‘i arrives.
1935 – May 1 - Harry A. Wengler, father of Camilla Grace Fusae Kaiu‘hono‘onalani Wengler Vignoe is born in Fredericktown, MO.
1936 – The first traffic light in Honolulu is installed at Nu‘uanu Avenue and Beretania Street.
1937 – August 5 – Charlotte Patrice Kalāmanamana Ukishima Wengler (1937 – 2010), mother of Camilla Grace Fusae Kaiu‘hono‘onalani Wengler Vignoe is born in Honolulu, HI.
• The Kodak Hula Show officially begins.
1938 – 18 U.S. Navy bombers land at Pearl Harbor in the greatest mass flight in aviation history.
1941 – The new naval air station at Kane‘ohe Bay is commissioned.
• December 7 - Japanese planes attack the U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor. The U.S.S. Arizona and other ships are sunk. More than 2,500 lives are lost.
1942 – The government begins issuing gas masks to civilians in Hawai'i.
• A ban on liquor sales that had been in effect since December 7, 1941, is lifted.
• March 4 - A Japanese plane drops 4 bombs on the slopes of Tantalus at about 2:15 a.m.
• Sears, Roebuck & Co. opens its new store on Beretania Street.
1944 – The Democratic National Convention endorses statehood for Hawai‘i.
1945 – Prince David Kawananakoa (1868 – 1908), 40, dies.
• Residents celebrate their first curfew-free evening since December 7, 1941, on July 7.
1948 – President Harry S. Truman endorses statehood for Hawai‘i during his report to Congress.
• Bishop Estate announces plans for a $2.5 million Kamehameha Schools campus.
• June 9 – Sanford B. Dole (1844 – 1946), 82, first president of the Republic of Hawai‘i and first governor of the Territory of Hawai‘i, dies.
1927 – The Royal Hawaiian Hotel, built at a cost of $4 million, opens.
• The John Rodgers Airport (now Honolulu International Airport) is dedicated.
• The first successful nonstop air flight from the mainland, Oakland to Hawai‘i is flown.
1928 – First chain grocery store in Hawai‘i, Oakland-based Piggly Wiggly, opens in Honolulu.
• May 1 is designated Lei Day in Hawai‘i.
• Mary Kawena Puku‘i, 33, begins translating Hawaiian writings into English at the Bernice P. Bishop Museum. From then on, she works actively at passing on her knowledge, sometimes in collaborations with others (Bishop Museum Archives, 2010).
1931 – Kapi‘olani Boulevard from Ward to Sheridan is opened to traffic.
1932 – Princess Elizabeth Kalaniana'ole (1879 – 1932), 52, dies. Wife of Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalaniana‘ole, she was the former President of the Native Sons and Daughters of Hawai‘i and the Ka‘ahumanu Society, and Regent of Hui Kalama.
1934 – President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the first U.S. president to visit Hawai‘i arrives.
1935 – May 1 - Harry A. Wengler, father of Camilla Grace Fusae Kaiu‘hono‘onalani Wengler Vignoe is born in Fredericktown, MO.
1936 – The first traffic light in Honolulu is installed at Nu‘uanu Avenue and Beretania Street.
1937 – August 5 – Charlotte Patrice Kalāmanamana Ukishima Wengler (1937 – 2010), mother of Camilla Grace Fusae Kaiu‘hono‘onalani Wengler Vignoe is born in Honolulu, HI.
• The Kodak Hula Show officially begins.
1938 – 18 U.S. Navy bombers land at Pearl Harbor in the greatest mass flight in aviation history.
1941 – The new naval air station at Kane‘ohe Bay is commissioned.
• December 7 - Japanese planes attack the U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor. The U.S.S. Arizona and other ships are sunk. More than 2,500 lives are lost.
1942 – The government begins issuing gas masks to civilians in Hawai'i.
• A ban on liquor sales that had been in effect since December 7, 1941, is lifted.
• March 4 - A Japanese plane drops 4 bombs on the slopes of Tantalus at about 2:15 a.m.
• Sears, Roebuck & Co. opens its new store on Beretania Street.
1944 – The Democratic National Convention endorses statehood for Hawai‘i.
1945 – Prince David Kawananakoa (1868 – 1908), 40, dies.
• Residents celebrate their first curfew-free evening since December 7, 1941, on July 7.
1948 – President Harry S. Truman endorses statehood for Hawai‘i during his report to Congress.
Saturday, October 23, 2010
What can we do?
While learning about the culture and language of Hawai'i, it difficult, if not impossible for a student to ignore the impact of historical events. Outside influences over the last 230 some-odd years have irreversibly changed the course of life for the Hawaiian people forever. Whole books and volumes have been written about Western invasion and colonization and its impact on indigenous peoples all over the world. Some peoples and their cultures fell victim to racial genocide and were completely wiped off the face of the earth, while others such as the native Guamanians, have lost their native culture and language forever. In any case, the harm that was done is irreversible. What can we do?
Quite by accident, I discovered a book called Ancient Hawaiian Civilization, edited by Kenneth Emory (1999). The story behind this book is that a group of educated persons associated with the Bishop Museum were invited to give a lecture series on Ancient Hawaiian Civilization at the Kamehameha Schools in the early 1930s. The lecturers were educators, archeologists, researchers, Hawaiian elders, scholars and scientists, and they spoke on a wide range of subjects including the arts, migration, astronomy, navigation, land use, religion, agriculture, warfare, plants and language, among other topics. These lectures were collected and transcribed, and published in 1933, in the first edition of Ancient Hawaiian Civilization. Since then, the publication has been reprinted twice due to updates in scholarship and research in certain areas.
The spirit of this publication…was an important and refreshing departure from the forced English assimilation which had become the "highest standard" within the public school system. The authors send out the message loud and strong that the young generations of Hawaiians had a responsibility to perpetuate the culture of the ancient people, to carry the torch as future “keepers of the culture”.
“There ought always be among you of Hawaiian blood, some persons conversant with the great traditions of Hawai’i,” the authors wrote, “and some of you able to speak the language perfectly. There ought always to be some of you who can chant the glorification chants, the ceremonial chants, the chants of the hula in the very same voice that stirred your ancestors and is capable of moving the total stranger to an appreciation of the mystery and beauty of these utterances…above all, there should be some to carry into modern life the fine things of the past.” (Grant, G., in Emory, 1999, p. 8)
I agree. This is what we can do: learn from our mistakes, and from history. We can take the time to learn about our ancestry, about genealogy, and honor our kupuna(ancestors). We can learn our native language by taking classes, by choosing to speak and write the words whenever possible. We can think about the composer's meaning of the words behind a song, or embody the words with emotion when we dance the hula. Words are powerful. They can hurt or heal. We must choose our words carefully.
We can develop a loving relationship of care with our ‘aina (land), and live mindfully each day, with every action. We can choose to live with the values of Aloha that were gifted to us by our ancestors. We can ask for help from our kupuna and our 'aumakua when we need it and be open to receive it when help arrives...in whatever form it comes. We can give thanks by having deep, sincere gratitude in our hearts for what has been gifted to us. We can take care of our land, our families, which include parents, grandparents, and keiki (children), our communities, each other. We can take care of our bodies by selecting wholesome nourishment, adequate sleep and exercise, and our minds by practicing clean living, choosing positive attitude and mindfulness. Above all, we can choose excellence in all that we do.
Quite by accident, I discovered a book called Ancient Hawaiian Civilization, edited by Kenneth Emory (1999). The story behind this book is that a group of educated persons associated with the Bishop Museum were invited to give a lecture series on Ancient Hawaiian Civilization at the Kamehameha Schools in the early 1930s. The lecturers were educators, archeologists, researchers, Hawaiian elders, scholars and scientists, and they spoke on a wide range of subjects including the arts, migration, astronomy, navigation, land use, religion, agriculture, warfare, plants and language, among other topics. These lectures were collected and transcribed, and published in 1933, in the first edition of Ancient Hawaiian Civilization. Since then, the publication has been reprinted twice due to updates in scholarship and research in certain areas.
The spirit of this publication…was an important and refreshing departure from the forced English assimilation which had become the "highest standard" within the public school system. The authors send out the message loud and strong that the young generations of Hawaiians had a responsibility to perpetuate the culture of the ancient people, to carry the torch as future “keepers of the culture”.
“There ought always be among you of Hawaiian blood, some persons conversant with the great traditions of Hawai’i,” the authors wrote, “and some of you able to speak the language perfectly. There ought always to be some of you who can chant the glorification chants, the ceremonial chants, the chants of the hula in the very same voice that stirred your ancestors and is capable of moving the total stranger to an appreciation of the mystery and beauty of these utterances…above all, there should be some to carry into modern life the fine things of the past.” (Grant, G., in Emory, 1999, p. 8)
I agree. This is what we can do: learn from our mistakes, and from history. We can take the time to learn about our ancestry, about genealogy, and honor our kupuna(ancestors). We can learn our native language by taking classes, by choosing to speak and write the words whenever possible. We can think about the composer's meaning of the words behind a song, or embody the words with emotion when we dance the hula. Words are powerful. They can hurt or heal. We must choose our words carefully.
We can develop a loving relationship of care with our ‘aina (land), and live mindfully each day, with every action. We can choose to live with the values of Aloha that were gifted to us by our ancestors. We can ask for help from our kupuna and our 'aumakua when we need it and be open to receive it when help arrives...in whatever form it comes. We can give thanks by having deep, sincere gratitude in our hearts for what has been gifted to us. We can take care of our land, our families, which include parents, grandparents, and keiki (children), our communities, each other. We can take care of our bodies by selecting wholesome nourishment, adequate sleep and exercise, and our minds by practicing clean living, choosing positive attitude and mindfulness. Above all, we can choose excellence in all that we do.
Friday, October 22, 2010
Timeline in Hawaiian History...1900 - 1924 AD
1900 – President McKinley signs the Organic Act on April 30, making Hawai‘i a territory of the United States.
• The U.S. Senate confirms the appointment of Sanford B. Dole as governor of Hawai‘i.
• The first wireless telegraph messages are sent in Hawai‘i.
1901 – The Territory of Hawai‘i's first legislature is convened in Honolulu.
1902 – The cable ship Silverton links the telegraph cable from San Francisco to Sans Souci beach at Waikīkī December 28, and the first message to be telegraphed from Hawai‘i to the U.S. mainland is sent January 1.
1903 – The first Koreans arrive to work on the sugar plantations.
• March 10 – Prince Albert Kunuiakea, 49, the last of the Kamehameha heirs to Hawai‘i’s throne dies.
• The Honolulu Symphony Orchestra performs its first concert.
• The Order of Kamehameha is founded.
1904 – The Waikīkī Aquarium opens; it is the third oldest aquarium in the United States.
1905 – to 1907, Queen Lili’uokalani entered claims against the U.S. totaling $450,000 for property and other losses, claiming personal ownership of the crown lands, but was unsuccessful. The territorial legislature of Hawaii finally voted Lili’uokalani an annual pension of $4,000 and permitted her to receive the income from a sugar plantation of 6,000 acres (24 km²), which was the private property of her late brother before his election as king.
• Gas for household fuel is manufactured in Honolulu for the first time.
• The first-ever O‘ahu county election is held, choosing, among others, a sheriff, county clerk, county auditor, county attorney, and county treasurer.
• Honolulu's new immigration station, built at Kaka‘ako, is dedicated.
1907 – January 9 - Mauna Loa erupts, sending lava toward Kona.
• The Oahu Country Club formally opens.
• Fort Shafter, headquarters for the army, becomes the 1st permanent military post in the territory.
• The College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts (today the University of Hawai‘i) begins with twelve faculty members and five students.
1908 – The cornerstone for McKinley High School is laid.
• The U.S. House passes a bill providing for the creation of a naval base at Pearl Harbor at a cost of $2 million; U.S. Congress approves $3.1 million for the naval station.
• June 2 - Prince David Kawananakoa Piʻikoi (1868–1908), 40, heir presumptive to the throne of Hawai‘i dies.
1909 – The City and County of Honolulu is inaugurated with J. J. Fern as its first mayor.
• Schofield Barracks is established.
1910 – Liliuokalani brought an unsuccessful lawsuit against the United States seeking compensation under the Fifth Amendment for the loss of the Hawaiian crown land.
1911 – The first Chinese public school in Hawai‘i, the Mun Lun School, opens in Honolulu.
• Kaumakapili Church is dedicated.
1912 – Duke Kahanamoku (August 24, 1890-January 22, 1968) wins a gold medal in the 100-meter swim at the Olympic Games in Stockholm, Sweden.
• Former Queen Lili‘uokalani helps lay the cornerstone for the Lili‘uokalani School.
• The only ship in the Hawaiian navy, Kaimiloa, is beached at Pearl Harbor and burned.
1913 – The Library of Hawai‘i, the first public library in Hawai‘i, opens in downtown Honolulu.
• Duke Kahanamoku breaks world swimming records in 75-yard and 100-yard races.
1915 – A Congressional party tours Kilauea and favors creating a national park there.
• Charles Reed Bishop (1822–1915) 93, dies in San Francisco June 7.
• Kahuku is the relay point for the first wireless messages exchanged between Japan and the United States. The message originated in Tokyo and was sent to New York.
1916 – Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park is signed into existence by President Woodrow Wilson.
1917 – Former Queen Lili‘uokalani (1838 – 1917), 79, dies at Washington Place November 11.
1918 – The first interisland flight is made, flying from O‘ahu to Moloka‘i and back.
• The Hawai‘i National Guard is mobilized to protect the Islands after most members of the regular army are dispatched to France.
1919 – The Pearl Harbor drydock is formally dedicated.
1920 – The Prince of Wales visits Honolulu.
1921 – President Harding signs the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act July 9.
• ‘Āinahau, the former home of Princess Likelike and her daughter, Princess Ka‘iulani, is destroyed by fire.
1922 – January 7 – Prince Jonah Kuhio Kalaniana‘ole, 50, last titular prince of the monarchy and a delegate to the U.S. Congress dies.
• KGU begins commercial radio service in Hawai‘i May 11.
• Washington Place, former home of Queen Liliuokalani, opens as the official residence of Hawai‘i's governors.
1923 – Hawai’i's legislature passes a "Bill of Rights", asking Congress for higher appropriations of federal funds on grounds that Hawai’i, while not a state, is still an integral part of the country.
1924 – The U.S. Congress passes Hawaii's "Bill of Rights."
• The U.S. Senate confirms the appointment of Sanford B. Dole as governor of Hawai‘i.
• The first wireless telegraph messages are sent in Hawai‘i.
1901 – The Territory of Hawai‘i's first legislature is convened in Honolulu.
1902 – The cable ship Silverton links the telegraph cable from San Francisco to Sans Souci beach at Waikīkī December 28, and the first message to be telegraphed from Hawai‘i to the U.S. mainland is sent January 1.
1903 – The first Koreans arrive to work on the sugar plantations.
• March 10 – Prince Albert Kunuiakea, 49, the last of the Kamehameha heirs to Hawai‘i’s throne dies.
• The Honolulu Symphony Orchestra performs its first concert.
• The Order of Kamehameha is founded.
1904 – The Waikīkī Aquarium opens; it is the third oldest aquarium in the United States.
1905 – to 1907, Queen Lili’uokalani entered claims against the U.S. totaling $450,000 for property and other losses, claiming personal ownership of the crown lands, but was unsuccessful. The territorial legislature of Hawaii finally voted Lili’uokalani an annual pension of $4,000 and permitted her to receive the income from a sugar plantation of 6,000 acres (24 km²), which was the private property of her late brother before his election as king.
• Gas for household fuel is manufactured in Honolulu for the first time.
• The first-ever O‘ahu county election is held, choosing, among others, a sheriff, county clerk, county auditor, county attorney, and county treasurer.
• Honolulu's new immigration station, built at Kaka‘ako, is dedicated.
1907 – January 9 - Mauna Loa erupts, sending lava toward Kona.
• The Oahu Country Club formally opens.
• Fort Shafter, headquarters for the army, becomes the 1st permanent military post in the territory.
• The College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts (today the University of Hawai‘i) begins with twelve faculty members and five students.
1908 – The cornerstone for McKinley High School is laid.
• The U.S. House passes a bill providing for the creation of a naval base at Pearl Harbor at a cost of $2 million; U.S. Congress approves $3.1 million for the naval station.
• June 2 - Prince David Kawananakoa Piʻikoi (1868–1908), 40, heir presumptive to the throne of Hawai‘i dies.
1909 – The City and County of Honolulu is inaugurated with J. J. Fern as its first mayor.
• Schofield Barracks is established.
1910 – Liliuokalani brought an unsuccessful lawsuit against the United States seeking compensation under the Fifth Amendment for the loss of the Hawaiian crown land.
1911 – The first Chinese public school in Hawai‘i, the Mun Lun School, opens in Honolulu.
• Kaumakapili Church is dedicated.
1912 – Duke Kahanamoku (August 24, 1890-January 22, 1968) wins a gold medal in the 100-meter swim at the Olympic Games in Stockholm, Sweden.
• Former Queen Lili‘uokalani helps lay the cornerstone for the Lili‘uokalani School.
• The only ship in the Hawaiian navy, Kaimiloa, is beached at Pearl Harbor and burned.
1913 – The Library of Hawai‘i, the first public library in Hawai‘i, opens in downtown Honolulu.
• Duke Kahanamoku breaks world swimming records in 75-yard and 100-yard races.
1915 – A Congressional party tours Kilauea and favors creating a national park there.
• Charles Reed Bishop (1822–1915) 93, dies in San Francisco June 7.
• Kahuku is the relay point for the first wireless messages exchanged between Japan and the United States. The message originated in Tokyo and was sent to New York.
1916 – Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park is signed into existence by President Woodrow Wilson.
1917 – Former Queen Lili‘uokalani (1838 – 1917), 79, dies at Washington Place November 11.
1918 – The first interisland flight is made, flying from O‘ahu to Moloka‘i and back.
• The Hawai‘i National Guard is mobilized to protect the Islands after most members of the regular army are dispatched to France.
1919 – The Pearl Harbor drydock is formally dedicated.
1920 – The Prince of Wales visits Honolulu.
1921 – President Harding signs the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act July 9.
• ‘Āinahau, the former home of Princess Likelike and her daughter, Princess Ka‘iulani, is destroyed by fire.
1922 – January 7 – Prince Jonah Kuhio Kalaniana‘ole, 50, last titular prince of the monarchy and a delegate to the U.S. Congress dies.
• KGU begins commercial radio service in Hawai‘i May 11.
• Washington Place, former home of Queen Liliuokalani, opens as the official residence of Hawai‘i's governors.
1923 – Hawai’i's legislature passes a "Bill of Rights", asking Congress for higher appropriations of federal funds on grounds that Hawai’i, while not a state, is still an integral part of the country.
1924 – The U.S. Congress passes Hawaii's "Bill of Rights."
Thursday, October 21, 2010
Timeline in Hawaiian History...1875 - 1899 AD
1876 – The U.S. Senate ratifies the Reciprocity Treaty on August 15, allowing sugar and other products to enter the United States from Hawai‘i without customs duties.
1877 – Prince Leleiohoku, 23, heir to the throne, dies. Princess Lili‘uokalani is proclaimed heir.
By 1878 there were only 48,000 pure Hawaiians left alive (Noyes, 2003).
1878 – A charter is granted to C.H. Dickey and C.H. Wallace for the Hawaiian Telegraph Co.
• Portuguese contract laborers arrive from the Madeira Islands.
1879 – The first artesian wells are drilled by James Campbell on the ‘Ewa plain, providing irrigation for fields.
• The Kahului-Wailuku Railroad, running from Kahului to Pā‘ia, opens; it is the first common rail carrier in Hawai‘i.
• The cornerstone of ‘Iolani Palace is laid.
1880 – The Hawaiian Bell Telephone Company is incorporated.
1881 – An eruption of Mauna Loa in November threatens Hilo August 9. Princess Ruth Ke‘elikōlani asks the gods to spare the town and the lava flow stops.
1882 – The construction of ‘Iolani Palace is completed – at a cost of $350,000.
1883 – King Kalākaua and Queen Kapi‘olani, hold a coronation ceremony in front of ‘Iolani Palace to mark the ninth year of his reign.
• The statue of Kamehameha I is unveiled on February 14 in front of Ali‘iolani Hale.
• May 24 – Princess Ruth Ke‘elikolani, 57, dies. She was a great-granddaughter of Kamehameha I, a defender of native Hawaiian customs and traditions, and a major landholder in Hawai‘i. Most of her lands are gifted to Princess Bernice Pauahi Bishop.
• Mother Marianne and the sisters of St. Francis arrive in Hawai‘i to care for those afflicted with Hansen‘s disease.
1884 – January 8 - Princess Kekaulike, 40, governess for the Big Island and sister of Queen Kapi‘olani, dies.
• October 16 – Bernice Pauahi Bishop, 53, Hawaiian philanthropist, great-granddaughter of Kamehameha I and wife of businessman Charles Reed Bishop, dies. She was the last surviving heir of the Kamehamehas. Her estate – Bernice Pauahi Bishop Estates – is the largest private landowner in the state of Hawai‘i, comprising 9% of Hawai’i’s total area. Revenues from these lands are used to operate the Kamehameha Schools, which were established in 1887 according to Princess Pauahi’s will.
1885 – April 25 – Dowager Queen Emma, 49, dies. She was married to Kamehameha VI, and together they had a son, Prince Albert Edward Kamehameha, who died at the age of four in 1862; her husband, Kamehameha VI died a year later. Queen Emma ran for ruling monarch against David Kalākaua but was defeated.
1886 – ‘Iolani Palace Square is illuminated by electric lights; two years later, electric street lighting replaces gas lamps in Honolulu.
1887 – King Kalākaua is forced by the Hawaiian League, a group favoring a more liberalized constitution, to sign the "bayonet constitution".
1888 – January 21 – Walter Murray Gibson, 66, former premier of the kingdom of Hawai'i, dies.
• Kaumakapili Church is dedicated.
• Hawaiian Tramways, Ltd., starts a mule-car service in Honolulu December 28. It is taken over in November 1900 by the Honolulu Rapid Transit & Land Company.
1889 – The yacht Casco arrives with Robert Louis Stevenson and family aboard.
• Robert William Kalanihiapo Wilcox leads a brief and unsuccessful revolt against the Reform Government. Seven rebels are killed and a dozen more are wounded.
• April 15 – Father Damien, 49, dies of leprosy.
1890 – King Kalākaua departs on the U.S.S. Charleston for San Francisco on November 25; less than two months later, on January 20, 1891 King Kalākaua, 54, dies in San Francisco; his body is brought back to Hawai‘i aboard the U.S.S. Charleston.
1891 – Lili‘uokalani is proclaimed queen on January 29.
• The funeral for Kalākaua is held at ‘Iolani Palace.
• Queen Lili‘uokalani names Princess Ka‘iulani her heir to the throne.
• Queen Lili‘uokalani visits the Hansen's disease settlement at Kalaupapa.
1892 – The Hawaiian Historical Society holds its first official meeting; Charles R. Bishop is chosen as the Society’s first president.
1893 – Queen Lili‘uokalani attempts to proclaim a new constitution, restoring to the throne powers that were deleted in the constitution of 1887.
• Queen Lili‘uokalani is deposed on January 17; a provisional government is established under Sanford B. Dole.
• The ‘Iolani Palace custodian turns over the crowns worn by King Kalakaua and Queen Kapi‘olani to the government. The jewels from the king's crown are discovered to be missing.
1894 – The Republic of Hawai‘i is established; Sanford B. Dole becomes president of the republic.
1895 – Robert William Kalanihiapo Wilcox fails in his attempt to lead a revolt to restore the monarchy.
• Queen Lili‘uokalani abdicates the throne and pledges allegiance to the republic.
• Mary Abigail Kawena ʻulaokalaniahiʻiakaikapoliopelekawahineʻaihonua Wiggin Puku‘i (1895–1986) is born in Ka‘ū, on the Big Island.
1898 – Spain declares war on the United States on April 24, and the U.S. Congress responds in kind on April 25. Troops are temporarily stationed at Camp McKinley near Diamond Head.
• The first motion picture filmed in Hawai‘i is shot by Edison photographers on their way through Honolulu.
• Theo. H. Davies, owner of Theo H. Davies & Co., one of the Big Five trading and agricultural companies in Hawai’i dies.
• President McKinley signs a joint resolution of Congress on July 7 that annexes Hawai‘i to the United States. Hawai‘i's sovereignty is transferred to the US on August 12.
1899 – March 6 - Princess Ka‘iulani, 23, dies. The new Princess Ka‘iulani School, reported to be the finest public school building in the Islands, opens soon thereafter.
• June 24 – Queen Kapi‘olani, 64, the granddaughter of Kaumuali‘i, the last king of Kaua‘i, dies.
• The first cars appear on the streets of Honolulu.
• A bubonic plague epidemic breaks out in Honolulu.
1877 – Prince Leleiohoku, 23, heir to the throne, dies. Princess Lili‘uokalani is proclaimed heir.
By 1878 there were only 48,000 pure Hawaiians left alive (Noyes, 2003).
1878 – A charter is granted to C.H. Dickey and C.H. Wallace for the Hawaiian Telegraph Co.
• Portuguese contract laborers arrive from the Madeira Islands.
1879 – The first artesian wells are drilled by James Campbell on the ‘Ewa plain, providing irrigation for fields.
• The Kahului-Wailuku Railroad, running from Kahului to Pā‘ia, opens; it is the first common rail carrier in Hawai‘i.
• The cornerstone of ‘Iolani Palace is laid.
1880 – The Hawaiian Bell Telephone Company is incorporated.
1881 – An eruption of Mauna Loa in November threatens Hilo August 9. Princess Ruth Ke‘elikōlani asks the gods to spare the town and the lava flow stops.
1882 – The construction of ‘Iolani Palace is completed – at a cost of $350,000.
1883 – King Kalākaua and Queen Kapi‘olani, hold a coronation ceremony in front of ‘Iolani Palace to mark the ninth year of his reign.
• The statue of Kamehameha I is unveiled on February 14 in front of Ali‘iolani Hale.
• May 24 – Princess Ruth Ke‘elikolani, 57, dies. She was a great-granddaughter of Kamehameha I, a defender of native Hawaiian customs and traditions, and a major landholder in Hawai‘i. Most of her lands are gifted to Princess Bernice Pauahi Bishop.
• Mother Marianne and the sisters of St. Francis arrive in Hawai‘i to care for those afflicted with Hansen‘s disease.
1884 – January 8 - Princess Kekaulike, 40, governess for the Big Island and sister of Queen Kapi‘olani, dies.
• October 16 – Bernice Pauahi Bishop, 53, Hawaiian philanthropist, great-granddaughter of Kamehameha I and wife of businessman Charles Reed Bishop, dies. She was the last surviving heir of the Kamehamehas. Her estate – Bernice Pauahi Bishop Estates – is the largest private landowner in the state of Hawai‘i, comprising 9% of Hawai’i’s total area. Revenues from these lands are used to operate the Kamehameha Schools, which were established in 1887 according to Princess Pauahi’s will.
1885 – April 25 – Dowager Queen Emma, 49, dies. She was married to Kamehameha VI, and together they had a son, Prince Albert Edward Kamehameha, who died at the age of four in 1862; her husband, Kamehameha VI died a year later. Queen Emma ran for ruling monarch against David Kalākaua but was defeated.
1886 – ‘Iolani Palace Square is illuminated by electric lights; two years later, electric street lighting replaces gas lamps in Honolulu.
1887 – King Kalākaua is forced by the Hawaiian League, a group favoring a more liberalized constitution, to sign the "bayonet constitution".
1888 – January 21 – Walter Murray Gibson, 66, former premier of the kingdom of Hawai'i, dies.
• Kaumakapili Church is dedicated.
• Hawaiian Tramways, Ltd., starts a mule-car service in Honolulu December 28. It is taken over in November 1900 by the Honolulu Rapid Transit & Land Company.
1889 – The yacht Casco arrives with Robert Louis Stevenson and family aboard.
• Robert William Kalanihiapo Wilcox leads a brief and unsuccessful revolt against the Reform Government. Seven rebels are killed and a dozen more are wounded.
• April 15 – Father Damien, 49, dies of leprosy.
1890 – King Kalākaua departs on the U.S.S. Charleston for San Francisco on November 25; less than two months later, on January 20, 1891 King Kalākaua, 54, dies in San Francisco; his body is brought back to Hawai‘i aboard the U.S.S. Charleston.
1891 – Lili‘uokalani is proclaimed queen on January 29.
• The funeral for Kalākaua is held at ‘Iolani Palace.
• Queen Lili‘uokalani names Princess Ka‘iulani her heir to the throne.
• Queen Lili‘uokalani visits the Hansen's disease settlement at Kalaupapa.
1892 – The Hawaiian Historical Society holds its first official meeting; Charles R. Bishop is chosen as the Society’s first president.
1893 – Queen Lili‘uokalani attempts to proclaim a new constitution, restoring to the throne powers that were deleted in the constitution of 1887.
• Queen Lili‘uokalani is deposed on January 17; a provisional government is established under Sanford B. Dole.
• The ‘Iolani Palace custodian turns over the crowns worn by King Kalakaua and Queen Kapi‘olani to the government. The jewels from the king's crown are discovered to be missing.
1894 – The Republic of Hawai‘i is established; Sanford B. Dole becomes president of the republic.
1895 – Robert William Kalanihiapo Wilcox fails in his attempt to lead a revolt to restore the monarchy.
• Queen Lili‘uokalani abdicates the throne and pledges allegiance to the republic.
• Mary Abigail Kawena ʻulaokalaniahiʻiakaikapoliopelekawahineʻaihonua Wiggin Puku‘i (1895–1986) is born in Ka‘ū, on the Big Island.
1898 – Spain declares war on the United States on April 24, and the U.S. Congress responds in kind on April 25. Troops are temporarily stationed at Camp McKinley near Diamond Head.
• The first motion picture filmed in Hawai‘i is shot by Edison photographers on their way through Honolulu.
• Theo. H. Davies, owner of Theo H. Davies & Co., one of the Big Five trading and agricultural companies in Hawai’i dies.
• President McKinley signs a joint resolution of Congress on July 7 that annexes Hawai‘i to the United States. Hawai‘i's sovereignty is transferred to the US on August 12.
1899 – March 6 - Princess Ka‘iulani, 23, dies. The new Princess Ka‘iulani School, reported to be the finest public school building in the Islands, opens soon thereafter.
• June 24 – Queen Kapi‘olani, 64, the granddaughter of Kaumuali‘i, the last king of Kaua‘i, dies.
• The first cars appear on the streets of Honolulu.
• A bubonic plague epidemic breaks out in Honolulu.
Wednesday, October 20, 2010
Timeline in Hawaiian History...1850 - 1874 AD
1850 – The Privy Council approves the first park in the Islands; it is named Thomas Square in honor of British Admiral Richard Thomas, who ended the five-month rule of Lord Paulet in 1843, restoring Hawaiian rule.
• The legislature authorizes a contract labor system to recruit foreign workers for Hawai‘i's plantations.
• The first shipment of ice arrives in Hawai‘i from Boston via San Francisco.
• The first permanent Mormon missionaries to Hawai‘i arrive.
1851 – The Honolulu Fire Department is established.
• February 1 – Kamehameha III signs a secret agreement that places the islands under the protection of the United States.
1852 – The first Chinese contract laborers arrive from aboard the Thetis.
• Kamehameha III proclaims a new constitution, replacing the original 1840 version.
1853 – A smallpox epidemic lasts eight months and takes 5,000–6,000 lives.
1854 – December 15 – Kamehameha III, 41, dies after reigning for almost 30 years, and is succeeded by Alexander Liholiho, Kamebameha IV.
1855 – June 13 –Abner Pākī, 47, prominent chief and father of Bernice Pauahi Bishop, dies.
• More contract laborers from Asia arrive to work on sugar plantations. A form of broken conversational Hawaiian called ‘ōlelo pa‘i‘ai which is now known as Pidgin is spoken on the plantations. This broken Hawaiian actually had begun as a means of communication with European sailors even before the missionaries arrived. Children of the Asian plantation immigrants learn to speak fluent Hawaiian from their indigenous peers. The Hawaiian Kingdom encourages intermarriage of contract laborers and their children with Hawaiians as a means to stem the rapid depopulation of Hawai‘i due to introduced diseases. ʻŌlelo pa‘i‘ai use increases toward the turn of the century as immigration grows to include many Portuguese, Japanese, and others. It also adopts more English terms as the English speaking minority exert increased political influence.
1856 – King Kamehameha IV marries Emma Rooke at Kawaiaha‘o Church.
• The Pacific Commercial Advertiser, first a weekly then a daily paper, begins publication.
1857 – William Little Lee, former chief justice of Hawai‘i, dies on May 28.
• A marine telegraph, a semaphore system erected at Diamond Head, sends signals to the downtown post office for the first time when a ship is sighted.
• Laura Kanaholo Konia, a granddaughter of Kamehameha I, wife of Abner Pākī dies July 2 at age fifty. Her heir is her daughter, Bernice Pauahi.
1858 – May 20 - Prince Albert Edward Kauikeaouli, son of King Kamehameha IV and Queen Emma.
1859 – On January 23, Mauna Loa erupts with a lava fountain reported as high as 500 feet.
• Gas lighting is introduced to Honolulu.
1860 – The cornerstone of Queen's Hospital is laid.
• The steamer Kilauea makes its first regular interisland run July 18.
1861 – Honolulu’s first opera is performed by a local group at the Royal Hawaiian Theatre.
• Walter Murray Gibson arrives; He plays a leading role in politics under King Kalākaua.
• The weekly newspaper Ka Hoku O Ka Pakipika (Star of the Pacific), debuts; it is the first Hawaiian-language newspaper published by native Hawaiians.
1863 – November 30 – Alexander Liholiho (Kamehameha IV), dies of asthma at age 29 and is succeeded by his older brother Lot Kamehameha who becomes Kamehameha V.
• Hale'ole publishes the first Hawaiian novel - Ke Ka‘ao ‘O Lā‘ieikawai (The Legend of Lā‘ieikawai).
1864 – Kamehameha V decrees a new constitution that is meant to strengthen his rule.
1865 – Lorrin Andrews (1795–1868), a missionary who opened Lahainaluna, the first post-secondary school for Hawaiians and prepares several works on the literature and antiquities of the Hawaiians and publishes the first Hawaiian/English Dictionary, which is based in part on an earlier manuscript monolingual Hawaiian dictionary by Lahainaluna aluminus Kamakau.
1866 – The first leprosy patients are taken to Moloka‘i’s Kalaupapa peninsula.
• Samuel L. Clemens (Mark Twain) arrives as a correspondent for a California newspaper.
• May 29 - Princess Victoria Kamāmalu, 28, a granddaughter of Kamehameha, dies after a lengthy illness.
• July 25 - Grace Kama‘iku‘i Rooke, 57, daughter of John Young and Ka‘o‘ana‘eha and adoptive mother of Emma Na‘ea, dies.
• The first daily newspaper, the Hawaiian Herald, begins publication.
1867 – The cornerstone of the Anglican cathedral, St. Andrew’s, is laid in Honolulu.
1868 – Mauna Loa erupts, causing severe tsunamis that destroy villages in Ka‘u, killing many.
• The first Japanese contract laborers arrive.
• November 24 – Kekūanaō‘a, 77, dies. He was the father of Princess Ruth Ke‘elikōlani, King Kamehameha IV, King Kamehameha V, and Princess Victoria Kamāmalu.
1870 – May 2 – John Papa I‘i, 69, dies. He was a chiefly Hawaiian intellectual, holding many positions of importance.
• September 20 – Queen Kalama, 53, widow of Kamehameha III dies. She is a descendant of the Moana family, which served the ali‘i nui of Hawai‘i Island from the time of Kalani‘ōpu‘u.
• Ice cream is sold commercially in Hawai‘i for the first time.
1871 – March 26 – Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalaniana‘ole Pi‘ikoi is born at Kōloa, Kaua‘i. Elected in 1902, he served 20 years as Hawai‘i delegate to the U.S. Congress.
• A holiday in the memory of Kamehameha I is proclaimed June 11 by his grandson, Kamehameha V.
1872 – The cornerstone of Ali‘iolani Hale is laid.
• Henry Berger arrives from Germany to conduct the Royal Hawaiian Band; he holds this post for 43 years.
• An electric telegraph is in operation in downtown Honolulu.
• December 11 – Kamehameha V, 42, dies on his birthday.
1873 – William Lunalilo is elected king by the legislature after sweeping a popular vote.
• Father Damien is sent to Kalaupapa on Moloka‘i to work with the leprosy patients.
1874 – King Lunalilo, 40, dies of tuberculosis He reigned for only one year and 25 days.
• David Kalākaua is elected king by the legislature during a period of major economic growth. After the election, rioting takes place at the courthouse, led by disappointed supporters of the dowager Queen Emma. King Kalākaua and his party depart for San Francisco for a goodwill tour of the United States. (Hawaiian Historical Society, 2010) Kalākaua expands Hawai'i's international connections through a trip around the world, the first for any head of state. He also initiates a Hawaiian cultural revival that focuses on Hawaiian literature, dance, and music, all dependent on the Hawaiian language and strongly supported by the Hawaiian language press and schools. A new constitution forced on Kalākaua by gunboat diplomacy results in lower class Hawaiians and all non-European immigrants loosing the right to vote. Elected officials then act to further weaken the Hawaiian medium schools through attacks on the budgets of the public Hawaiian medium schools, including the salaries of their teachers. (‘Aha Punana Leo, 2006)
• A reciprocity treaty is signed, allowing sugar and other products to enter the United States without customs duties.
• October 16 – Princess Victoria Ka‘iulani, daughter of A.S. Cleghorn and Princess Miriam Likelike is born.
• The legislature authorizes a contract labor system to recruit foreign workers for Hawai‘i's plantations.
• The first shipment of ice arrives in Hawai‘i from Boston via San Francisco.
• The first permanent Mormon missionaries to Hawai‘i arrive.
1851 – The Honolulu Fire Department is established.
• February 1 – Kamehameha III signs a secret agreement that places the islands under the protection of the United States.
1852 – The first Chinese contract laborers arrive from aboard the Thetis.
• Kamehameha III proclaims a new constitution, replacing the original 1840 version.
1853 – A smallpox epidemic lasts eight months and takes 5,000–6,000 lives.
1854 – December 15 – Kamehameha III, 41, dies after reigning for almost 30 years, and is succeeded by Alexander Liholiho, Kamebameha IV.
1855 – June 13 –Abner Pākī, 47, prominent chief and father of Bernice Pauahi Bishop, dies.
• More contract laborers from Asia arrive to work on sugar plantations. A form of broken conversational Hawaiian called ‘ōlelo pa‘i‘ai which is now known as Pidgin is spoken on the plantations. This broken Hawaiian actually had begun as a means of communication with European sailors even before the missionaries arrived. Children of the Asian plantation immigrants learn to speak fluent Hawaiian from their indigenous peers. The Hawaiian Kingdom encourages intermarriage of contract laborers and their children with Hawaiians as a means to stem the rapid depopulation of Hawai‘i due to introduced diseases. ʻŌlelo pa‘i‘ai use increases toward the turn of the century as immigration grows to include many Portuguese, Japanese, and others. It also adopts more English terms as the English speaking minority exert increased political influence.
1856 – King Kamehameha IV marries Emma Rooke at Kawaiaha‘o Church.
• The Pacific Commercial Advertiser, first a weekly then a daily paper, begins publication.
1857 – William Little Lee, former chief justice of Hawai‘i, dies on May 28.
• A marine telegraph, a semaphore system erected at Diamond Head, sends signals to the downtown post office for the first time when a ship is sighted.
• Laura Kanaholo Konia, a granddaughter of Kamehameha I, wife of Abner Pākī dies July 2 at age fifty. Her heir is her daughter, Bernice Pauahi.
1858 – May 20 - Prince Albert Edward Kauikeaouli, son of King Kamehameha IV and Queen Emma.
1859 – On January 23, Mauna Loa erupts with a lava fountain reported as high as 500 feet.
• Gas lighting is introduced to Honolulu.
1860 – The cornerstone of Queen's Hospital is laid.
• The steamer Kilauea makes its first regular interisland run July 18.
1861 – Honolulu’s first opera is performed by a local group at the Royal Hawaiian Theatre.
• Walter Murray Gibson arrives; He plays a leading role in politics under King Kalākaua.
• The weekly newspaper Ka Hoku O Ka Pakipika (Star of the Pacific), debuts; it is the first Hawaiian-language newspaper published by native Hawaiians.
1863 – November 30 – Alexander Liholiho (Kamehameha IV), dies of asthma at age 29 and is succeeded by his older brother Lot Kamehameha who becomes Kamehameha V.
• Hale'ole publishes the first Hawaiian novel - Ke Ka‘ao ‘O Lā‘ieikawai (The Legend of Lā‘ieikawai).
1864 – Kamehameha V decrees a new constitution that is meant to strengthen his rule.
1865 – Lorrin Andrews (1795–1868), a missionary who opened Lahainaluna, the first post-secondary school for Hawaiians and prepares several works on the literature and antiquities of the Hawaiians and publishes the first Hawaiian/English Dictionary, which is based in part on an earlier manuscript monolingual Hawaiian dictionary by Lahainaluna aluminus Kamakau.
1866 – The first leprosy patients are taken to Moloka‘i’s Kalaupapa peninsula.
• Samuel L. Clemens (Mark Twain) arrives as a correspondent for a California newspaper.
• May 29 - Princess Victoria Kamāmalu, 28, a granddaughter of Kamehameha, dies after a lengthy illness.
• July 25 - Grace Kama‘iku‘i Rooke, 57, daughter of John Young and Ka‘o‘ana‘eha and adoptive mother of Emma Na‘ea, dies.
• The first daily newspaper, the Hawaiian Herald, begins publication.
1867 – The cornerstone of the Anglican cathedral, St. Andrew’s, is laid in Honolulu.
1868 – Mauna Loa erupts, causing severe tsunamis that destroy villages in Ka‘u, killing many.
• The first Japanese contract laborers arrive.
• November 24 – Kekūanaō‘a, 77, dies. He was the father of Princess Ruth Ke‘elikōlani, King Kamehameha IV, King Kamehameha V, and Princess Victoria Kamāmalu.
1870 – May 2 – John Papa I‘i, 69, dies. He was a chiefly Hawaiian intellectual, holding many positions of importance.
• September 20 – Queen Kalama, 53, widow of Kamehameha III dies. She is a descendant of the Moana family, which served the ali‘i nui of Hawai‘i Island from the time of Kalani‘ōpu‘u.
• Ice cream is sold commercially in Hawai‘i for the first time.
1871 – March 26 – Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalaniana‘ole Pi‘ikoi is born at Kōloa, Kaua‘i. Elected in 1902, he served 20 years as Hawai‘i delegate to the U.S. Congress.
• A holiday in the memory of Kamehameha I is proclaimed June 11 by his grandson, Kamehameha V.
1872 – The cornerstone of Ali‘iolani Hale is laid.
• Henry Berger arrives from Germany to conduct the Royal Hawaiian Band; he holds this post for 43 years.
• An electric telegraph is in operation in downtown Honolulu.
• December 11 – Kamehameha V, 42, dies on his birthday.
1873 – William Lunalilo is elected king by the legislature after sweeping a popular vote.
• Father Damien is sent to Kalaupapa on Moloka‘i to work with the leprosy patients.
1874 – King Lunalilo, 40, dies of tuberculosis He reigned for only one year and 25 days.
• David Kalākaua is elected king by the legislature during a period of major economic growth. After the election, rioting takes place at the courthouse, led by disappointed supporters of the dowager Queen Emma. King Kalākaua and his party depart for San Francisco for a goodwill tour of the United States. (Hawaiian Historical Society, 2010) Kalākaua expands Hawai'i's international connections through a trip around the world, the first for any head of state. He also initiates a Hawaiian cultural revival that focuses on Hawaiian literature, dance, and music, all dependent on the Hawaiian language and strongly supported by the Hawaiian language press and schools. A new constitution forced on Kalākaua by gunboat diplomacy results in lower class Hawaiians and all non-European immigrants loosing the right to vote. Elected officials then act to further weaken the Hawaiian medium schools through attacks on the budgets of the public Hawaiian medium schools, including the salaries of their teachers. (‘Aha Punana Leo, 2006)
• A reciprocity treaty is signed, allowing sugar and other products to enter the United States without customs duties.
• October 16 – Princess Victoria Ka‘iulani, daughter of A.S. Cleghorn and Princess Miriam Likelike is born.
Tuesday, October 19, 2010
Timeline in Hawaiian History...1835 - 1849 AD
1835 – January 31 – William Lunalilo is born. He later reigns as king of Hawai‘i for thirteen months in 1873 and 1874.
By 1828 there were only 188,000 pure Hawaiians left alive (Noyes, 2003).
1836 – January 2 – Emma Na‘ea is born. She later becomes Queen Emma, wife of Kamehameha IV.
• Hawai‘i’s 1st English-language newspaper, the Sandwich Island Gazette, is published.
• Nov. 16 – King Kalākaua is born near the base of Punchbowl, O’ahu.
• A treaty is negotiated between Great Britain and the Sandwich Islands.
• December 30 – Nāhi‘ena‘ena, daughter of Keōpūolani and Kamehameha I, dies in Honolulu.
1837 – The first public streets are laid out in Honolulu.
1838 – September 2 – Lydia Kamaka‘eha, later Queen Lili‘uokalani, the last reigning monarch of Hawai‘i, is born.
• Ka Mo‘olelo Hawai‘i (The Hawaiian History) is produced written primarily by Lahainaluna alumni Malo, Kamakau, Moku, and Hale‘ole.
1839 – April 4 – Kina‘u (Elizabeth Kaho‘anoku Kina‘u), Kuhina Nui of Hawai‘i, dies.
• April 10 – Kaikio‘ewa, a companion of Kamehameha I and a governor of Kaua‘i dies.
• The first edition of the Hawaiian Bible is printed. By this time many Hawaiians have converted to Christianity, which is practiced through the Hawaiian language while maintaining knowledge of traditional Hawaiian religion; this becomes a defining feature of subsequent generations of Hawaiians. Later, full Hawaiian translations of the Anglican Book of Common Prayer, Catholic missals, and the Book of Mormon are printed. (‘Aha Punanaleo, 2006)
1840 – Catholic missionaries and priests arrive in Honolulu and are allowed to stay and work.
• Kamehameha III proclaims the first constitution of Hawai‘i.
• The Polynesian a weekly newspaper is established in June and continues to publish until December 11, 1841.
• 1841 – The Hawaiian language community schools are united by the Monarchy as a separate government department of public education. The Department also includes Hawaiian medium boarding schools. These Hawaiian boarding schools and the larger day schools include teaching English as a second language. The Hawai‘i Department of Education has continued in existence until the present day (2010). The only U.S. state with a D.O.E. older than Hawai‘i is Massachusetts. Hawai‘i rises to become one of the most literate, if not the most literate, nations of the nineteenth century. (‘Aha Punanaleo, 2006)
• 1842 – Joseph Kaho‘oluhi Nawahi is born January 13. He becomes a well-known artist, legislator, and Queen Lili‘uokalani’s principal advisors during the last months of the monarchy.
• The United States recognizes the Kingdom of Hawai‘i on December 19.
• Punahou School, an English-language school for missionary children is established, to protect missionary (White) children from the influences associated with high fluency/literacy in Hawaiian developed in other schools. Hawai'i's unique sociopolitical realities result in the children of the Native Hawaiian elite also enrolling for an English language immersion experience at Punahou. Later the Hawaiian elite establish primarily British staffed private schools - now 'Iolani and St. Andrew's Priory – to promote what they consider a higher standard of English among Hawaiians. Race and class eventually divide Hawai‘i, based on the language of education. More English medium immersion-like education for those with higher class aspirations brings neglect of Hawaiian language medium schools. The long-term results are the loss of confidence among Hawai‘i's people in themselves, the weakening of academic strengths of Hawai‘i's population, and tension between descendants of the missionaries and the native Hawaiian community. (‘Aha Punanaleo, 2006)
1843 – Lord George Paulet, commanding the British frigate Carysfort, arrives on February 10 and demands provisional cession of Hawai‘i to Great Britain. On February 15 he orders the Hawaiian flag lowered with the British flag raised over Hawai‘i.
• Admiral Richard Thomas, commanding H.M.S. flagship Dublin, arrives on July 26. He rescinds the cession under Paulet and restores sovereignty to the Islands.
• Kamehameha II, in his restoration day speech, recites a phrase that becomes Hawaii's national motto: Ua mau ke ea o ka aina i ka pono ("The Life of the Land is Perpetuated in Righteousness"). England and France recognize the independence of the Sandwich Islands on November 28.
1844 – The weekly newspaper Polynesian, is reestablished in May and becomes the “Official Journal of the Hawaiian Government” on July 14; it runs until February 6, 1864.
• December 9 – Kuakini, 53, governor of Hawai‘i from 1820 to 1844, dies.
1845 – June 7 – Kekāuluohi, also known as Auhea, dies of influenza. Kamehameha I selected her as a repository of ancient genealogies, legends, songs, and proverbs. Her son, William Charles Lunalilo becomes king in 1873.
1846 – Whale ship visits to Hawai‘i peak with 596 arrivals. Of these, 429 ships anchor off Lahaina and the rest in Honolulu Harbor.
1848 – The land division known as The Great Mahele begins January 27 and continues through March 7, dividing Hawai‘i's lands among the king and chiefs.
• An epidemic of measles, whooping cough, and influenza takes the lives of about 10,000 people, mostly native Hawaiians.
1849 – Dr. G.P. Judd, Alexander Liholiho, and Lot Kamehameha depart September 11 on a tour of the United States and Europe on a mission to improve international relations.
• Commoners are given the right to claim lands.
By 1828 there were only 188,000 pure Hawaiians left alive (Noyes, 2003).
1836 – January 2 – Emma Na‘ea is born. She later becomes Queen Emma, wife of Kamehameha IV.
• Hawai‘i’s 1st English-language newspaper, the Sandwich Island Gazette, is published.
• Nov. 16 – King Kalākaua is born near the base of Punchbowl, O’ahu.
• A treaty is negotiated between Great Britain and the Sandwich Islands.
• December 30 – Nāhi‘ena‘ena, daughter of Keōpūolani and Kamehameha I, dies in Honolulu.
1837 – The first public streets are laid out in Honolulu.
1838 – September 2 – Lydia Kamaka‘eha, later Queen Lili‘uokalani, the last reigning monarch of Hawai‘i, is born.
• Ka Mo‘olelo Hawai‘i (The Hawaiian History) is produced written primarily by Lahainaluna alumni Malo, Kamakau, Moku, and Hale‘ole.
1839 – April 4 – Kina‘u (Elizabeth Kaho‘anoku Kina‘u), Kuhina Nui of Hawai‘i, dies.
• April 10 – Kaikio‘ewa, a companion of Kamehameha I and a governor of Kaua‘i dies.
• The first edition of the Hawaiian Bible is printed. By this time many Hawaiians have converted to Christianity, which is practiced through the Hawaiian language while maintaining knowledge of traditional Hawaiian religion; this becomes a defining feature of subsequent generations of Hawaiians. Later, full Hawaiian translations of the Anglican Book of Common Prayer, Catholic missals, and the Book of Mormon are printed. (‘Aha Punanaleo, 2006)
1840 – Catholic missionaries and priests arrive in Honolulu and are allowed to stay and work.
• Kamehameha III proclaims the first constitution of Hawai‘i.
• The Polynesian a weekly newspaper is established in June and continues to publish until December 11, 1841.
• 1841 – The Hawaiian language community schools are united by the Monarchy as a separate government department of public education. The Department also includes Hawaiian medium boarding schools. These Hawaiian boarding schools and the larger day schools include teaching English as a second language. The Hawai‘i Department of Education has continued in existence until the present day (2010). The only U.S. state with a D.O.E. older than Hawai‘i is Massachusetts. Hawai‘i rises to become one of the most literate, if not the most literate, nations of the nineteenth century. (‘Aha Punanaleo, 2006)
• 1842 – Joseph Kaho‘oluhi Nawahi is born January 13. He becomes a well-known artist, legislator, and Queen Lili‘uokalani’s principal advisors during the last months of the monarchy.
• The United States recognizes the Kingdom of Hawai‘i on December 19.
• Punahou School, an English-language school for missionary children is established, to protect missionary (White) children from the influences associated with high fluency/literacy in Hawaiian developed in other schools. Hawai'i's unique sociopolitical realities result in the children of the Native Hawaiian elite also enrolling for an English language immersion experience at Punahou. Later the Hawaiian elite establish primarily British staffed private schools - now 'Iolani and St. Andrew's Priory – to promote what they consider a higher standard of English among Hawaiians. Race and class eventually divide Hawai‘i, based on the language of education. More English medium immersion-like education for those with higher class aspirations brings neglect of Hawaiian language medium schools. The long-term results are the loss of confidence among Hawai‘i's people in themselves, the weakening of academic strengths of Hawai‘i's population, and tension between descendants of the missionaries and the native Hawaiian community. (‘Aha Punanaleo, 2006)
1843 – Lord George Paulet, commanding the British frigate Carysfort, arrives on February 10 and demands provisional cession of Hawai‘i to Great Britain. On February 15 he orders the Hawaiian flag lowered with the British flag raised over Hawai‘i.
• Admiral Richard Thomas, commanding H.M.S. flagship Dublin, arrives on July 26. He rescinds the cession under Paulet and restores sovereignty to the Islands.
• Kamehameha II, in his restoration day speech, recites a phrase that becomes Hawaii's national motto: Ua mau ke ea o ka aina i ka pono ("The Life of the Land is Perpetuated in Righteousness"). England and France recognize the independence of the Sandwich Islands on November 28.
1844 – The weekly newspaper Polynesian, is reestablished in May and becomes the “Official Journal of the Hawaiian Government” on July 14; it runs until February 6, 1864.
• December 9 – Kuakini, 53, governor of Hawai‘i from 1820 to 1844, dies.
1845 – June 7 – Kekāuluohi, also known as Auhea, dies of influenza. Kamehameha I selected her as a repository of ancient genealogies, legends, songs, and proverbs. Her son, William Charles Lunalilo becomes king in 1873.
1846 – Whale ship visits to Hawai‘i peak with 596 arrivals. Of these, 429 ships anchor off Lahaina and the rest in Honolulu Harbor.
1848 – The land division known as The Great Mahele begins January 27 and continues through March 7, dividing Hawai‘i's lands among the king and chiefs.
• An epidemic of measles, whooping cough, and influenza takes the lives of about 10,000 people, mostly native Hawaiians.
1849 – Dr. G.P. Judd, Alexander Liholiho, and Lot Kamehameha depart September 11 on a tour of the United States and Europe on a mission to improve international relations.
• Commoners are given the right to claim lands.
Monday, October 18, 2010
Timeline in Hawaiian History...1825 - 1834 AD
1825 – The first sugar and coffee plantations are started in Mānoa Valley by John Wilkinson.
• George Anson, Lord Bryon, commanding the British Navy frigate Blonde, returns the bodies of Kamehameha II and Kamāmalu.
• Kauikeaouli, age eleven, is proclaimed king as Kamehameha III, under the regency of Queen Ka‘ahumanu. Ka‘ahumanu, widow of Kamehameha I and queen regent for Kamehameha II and Kamehameha III, is baptized December 4, along with her cousin Kalanimōkū, his infant son Leleiōhoku (a grandson of Kamehameha I), and her sister Pi‘ia.
1826 – Missionaries standardize the Hawaiian alphabet into its present form and order.
• The U.S. schooner Dolphin, the first American warship to visit Honolulu arrives.
• May 3 – George Humehume Kaumuali‘i dies. He left Hawai‘i as a youth and returned with the pioneer company of American missionaries in 1820.
• May 26 – Kahakuha‘akoi Wahinepio, widow of Kamehameha I and former governor of Maui dies.
• June 17 – Kalanipauahi, mother of Princess Ruth Ke‘elikōlani, dies in Honolulu in an epidemic.
• December 21 – Hawai‘i's first general tax law is enacted to provide revenue for shipbuilding and other development.
1827 – Kalanimoku, the prime minister under Kamehameha I, II, and III dies in Kailua, Kona.
• Catholic missionaries arrive in Hawai‘i aboard the ship Comet.
• The first Catholic mass of record in Hawai‘i is celebrated in Honolulu, and the first Catholic baptism in Hawai‘i takes place.
• A meeting is held December 14 marking the beginning of formal legislation in the kingdom of Hawai‘i. All chiefs are present and enact prohibitions against killing, committing adultery, and stealing.
By 1828 there are only 188,000 pure Hawaiians left alive (Noyes, 2003).
1829 – Boki (before 1785–after December 1829), governor of O‘ahu, departs December 2 on a sandalwood expedition to the South Pacific with two ships and nearly six hundred people. One ship returns nine months later, in August 1830 with only twelve natives and eight foreigners on board. More than four hundred men perished, including Boki.
1830 – Mexican and California cowboys arrive on the Big Island to teach Hawaiians the cattle business.
• December 11 – Lot Kamehameha, Kamehameha V, the son of Kekūanaō‘a and Kīna‘u is born.
Kamehameha V (1830–1872), born as Lot Kapuāiwa on December 11, 1830, reigned as monarch of the Kingdom of Hawai‘i from 1863 to 1872. His motto was "Onipa`a": immovable, firm, steadfast or determined; he worked diligently for his people and kingdom and was described as the last great traditional chief. His mother was Elizabeth Kīna‘u and father was Mataio Kekūanāo‘a. His siblings included David Kamehameha, Moses Kekuaiwa, Alexander Liholiho (Kamehameha IV), and Victoria Kamamalu. Lot was educated at the Royal School like his cousins and siblings. He was betrothed to Bernice Pauahi at birth but she eventually married Charles R. Bishop. Lot and Bernice remained friends for the rest of his life.
Lot was a public servant for many years before he became king, serving on the Privy Council, in the House of Nobles, as Minister of the Interior, and chief justice of the supreme court. His more charismatic younger brother Prince Alexander was chosen to become King Kamehameha IV in 1854; Lot succeeded him after his death in 1963.
Kamehameha V initiated ambitious public projects. He wanted to create a credible and pleasing face for the government for those who visited. The Kamehameha V Post Office was begun in 1871. Ali‘iōlani Hale (which is now the home of the Hawai‘i Supreme Court) was completed in 1874. Some other building projects included the ʻIolani barracks to house the royal guards, a new prison, the Royal Mausoleum, schools and warehouses, an insane asylum, a quarantine building to process the flood of immigrants, and other government structures. So many new projects caused a heavy strain on Hawaiʻi's resources; by March 31, 1874, Hawaiʻi's national debt stood at over $355,000.
Lot’s sister and only named Heir Apparent to the throne, Crown Princess Victoria Kamāmalu had died childless in 1866; through the remainder of his reign, Kamehameha V did not name a successor. He died on December 11, 1872 while the preparations for his birthday celebration were underway. As Lot laid bedstricken, he answered those that came to visit him: "The Good Lord cannot take me today, today is my birthday". He is buried in the Royal Mausoleum of Hawaii known as Mauna ‘Ala.
Lot was the last ruling monarch of the House of Kamehameha. After his death, the legislature declared an election for the office, won by Kamehameha V's cousin William Charles Lunalilo.
1831 – December 19 – Bernice Pauahi is born.
• Lahainaluna is established as a teacher training college, and is the first college west of the Mississippi River. Subjects such as trigonometry, anatomy, world geography, Greek and English are taught there in Hawaiian.
1832 – February 9 – Alexander Liholiho (Kamehameha IV) is born.
• June 5 – Queen Ka‘ahumanu dies in her home in Mānoa; she was instrumental in the fall of the kapu (taboo) system and the adoption of the Christian religion.
• The first newspaper in the Hawaiian language, Ka Lama Hawai‘i, is run.
Kamehameha IV, born Alexander ʻIolani Liholiho Keawenui (1834–1863), reigned as the fourth king of the Kingdom of Hawaii from January 11, 1855 to November 30, 1863. Alexander was born on February 9, 1834 in Honolulu, to High Chief Mataio Kekūanāo‘a, Royal Governor of O‘ahu and Princess Elizabeth Kīna‘u, Kuhina Nui of the Kingdom. He was the grandson of Kamehameha I. As a baby, he was adopted by his uncle, King Kamehameha III who decreed Alexander Liholiho heir to the throne and raised him as the crown prince.
Educated at the Royal School, Liholiho was accompanied by 30 kahu (attendants) when he arrived, but they were sent home and for the first time, Liholiho was on his own. Liholiho played the flute and the piano, and enjoyed singing and acting. At 14 he went to law school, and at 15, he went on a government trip with his brother Lot and with his guardian Dr. Judd to England, the United States, and Panama. Alexander Liholiho recorded the events of his trip in a journal.
In May 1850, the royal brothers, Prince Albert of England and others boarded a ship in England and sailed to the United States of America. He experienced American racism firsthand when he was called a “nigger” and almost removed from his train car. The prince had preceded Dr. Judd and Prince Lot in occupying the compartment reserved for them for a return trip to New York and someone had questioned Alexander's right to be there. The 16 year-old prince wrote in his journal:
"I found he was the conductor, and took me for somebody's servant just because I had a darker skin than he. Confounded fool; the first time that I have ever received such treatment, not in England or France or anywhere else........In England an African can pay his fare and sit alongside Queen Victoria. The Americans talk and think a great deal about their liberty, and strangers often find that too many liberties are taken of their comfort just because his hosts are a free people."
At a dinner party in New York with friends of Judd, the princes were again exposed to a racist incident. Helen Kinau Wilder recalled:
In New York visiting friends, the butler was very averse to serving "blacks" as he called them, and revenged himself by putting bibs at their places. Their hostess was very angry when she found what a mean trick her servant had played on them.
Kamehameha III died on December 15, 1854. On January 11, 1855 Alexander took the oath as King Kamehameha IV, succeeding his uncle when he was only 20 years old.
Alexander married Emma Rooke in 1856. Queen Emma was the granddaughter of John Young, Kamehameha I's British royal advisor and companion. She also was Kamehameha's great grand niece.
The royal couple had their only child in May 1858, Prince Albert, who died at the age of four. Kamehameha IV and Queen Emma devoted much of their efforts to providing quality healthcare and education for their people, as they were concerned that diseases were decimating the native Hawaiian population. They built The Queen's Medical Center, one of the most technologically advanced medical centers in the world today.
Kamehameha IV, 29, dies of chronic asthma on November 30, 1863; 800 children and teachers walk in his funeral procession to say goodbye. Kamehameha IV is buried with his son at Mauna Ala on February 3, 1864. Queen Emma runs unsuccessfully against David Kalākaua to rule the Kingdom. (Holt, 1971).
1832 – December 31 – Kapi‘olani, future wife of King Kalākaua, is born in Hilo.
Queen Kapiʻolani (1834–1899) formally Esther Julia Kapiʻolani, was married to King David Kalākaua. Born December 31, 1834 in Hilo, she was the granddaughter of Kaumuali‘i, the last king of the island of Kaua‘i before the unification of the islands under Kamehameha I, and the stepdaughter of Queen Ka‘ahumanu. Her first marriage was to High Chief Benjamin Namakehaokalani, son of Keali‘imaika‘i, brother of Kamehameha I, and was 35 years older than Kapiʻolani. He was uncle of Queen Emma. This made Kapi‘olani the widowed aunt of Queen Emma. Kapiʻolani was the caretaker of Prince Albert, baby of Kamehameha IV and Queen Emma. Queen Emma blamed Kapi‘olani for the child's death as he was under Kapiolani's care at the time. After the death of her child, Queen Emma would never appear at a public function that Kapiolani was in attendance of.
Kapiʻolani and Kalākaua were married in a quiet ceremony due to respect for the passing of Kamehameha IV. They were childless. In 1887, Queen Kapiʻolani, King Kalākaua, and his sister Princess Lili‘uokalani traveled around the world, and to London to attend Queen Victoria's 50th Jubilee celebration. The Hawaiian Royal family were treated as dignitaries, and seated with the British Royal family. Kapiʻolani established the Kapiʻolani Medical Center, a maternity home where Hawaiian mothers and their newborns could receive care. Kalākaua named Kapiʻolani Park in Waikīkī after his Queen. Kapiʻolani composed a love song for her husband, Ka Ipo Lei Manu. Kalākaua died in San Francisco before he could hear the musical composition from his wife. After missionaries arrived in Hawaiʻi, between 1820 -1840, a law was passed requiring all Hawaiian people to have an English first name. Kapiʻolani was given the name Julia. In Hawaiian, Julia is "Kulia", and the beginning of her personal motto, Kulia I Ka Nu‘u which means “Strive for the Highest". After the death of her husband, Kapiʻolani retired to her home in Waikīkī, and died there June 24, 1899.
1834 – The first Hawaiian newspaper, Ka Lama Hawai‘i, is established and printed at Lahainaluna School. For over 100 years thereafter, Hawaiian language newspapers flourish in Hawai‘i and serve to record traditional Hawaiian literature, history, and culture. (‘Aha Punanaleo, 2006)
• George Anson, Lord Bryon, commanding the British Navy frigate Blonde, returns the bodies of Kamehameha II and Kamāmalu.
• Kauikeaouli, age eleven, is proclaimed king as Kamehameha III, under the regency of Queen Ka‘ahumanu. Ka‘ahumanu, widow of Kamehameha I and queen regent for Kamehameha II and Kamehameha III, is baptized December 4, along with her cousin Kalanimōkū, his infant son Leleiōhoku (a grandson of Kamehameha I), and her sister Pi‘ia.
1826 – Missionaries standardize the Hawaiian alphabet into its present form and order.
• The U.S. schooner Dolphin, the first American warship to visit Honolulu arrives.
• May 3 – George Humehume Kaumuali‘i dies. He left Hawai‘i as a youth and returned with the pioneer company of American missionaries in 1820.
• May 26 – Kahakuha‘akoi Wahinepio, widow of Kamehameha I and former governor of Maui dies.
• June 17 – Kalanipauahi, mother of Princess Ruth Ke‘elikōlani, dies in Honolulu in an epidemic.
• December 21 – Hawai‘i's first general tax law is enacted to provide revenue for shipbuilding and other development.
1827 – Kalanimoku, the prime minister under Kamehameha I, II, and III dies in Kailua, Kona.
• Catholic missionaries arrive in Hawai‘i aboard the ship Comet.
• The first Catholic mass of record in Hawai‘i is celebrated in Honolulu, and the first Catholic baptism in Hawai‘i takes place.
• A meeting is held December 14 marking the beginning of formal legislation in the kingdom of Hawai‘i. All chiefs are present and enact prohibitions against killing, committing adultery, and stealing.
By 1828 there are only 188,000 pure Hawaiians left alive (Noyes, 2003).
1829 – Boki (before 1785–after December 1829), governor of O‘ahu, departs December 2 on a sandalwood expedition to the South Pacific with two ships and nearly six hundred people. One ship returns nine months later, in August 1830 with only twelve natives and eight foreigners on board. More than four hundred men perished, including Boki.
1830 – Mexican and California cowboys arrive on the Big Island to teach Hawaiians the cattle business.
• December 11 – Lot Kamehameha, Kamehameha V, the son of Kekūanaō‘a and Kīna‘u is born.
Kamehameha V (1830–1872), born as Lot Kapuāiwa on December 11, 1830, reigned as monarch of the Kingdom of Hawai‘i from 1863 to 1872. His motto was "Onipa`a": immovable, firm, steadfast or determined; he worked diligently for his people and kingdom and was described as the last great traditional chief. His mother was Elizabeth Kīna‘u and father was Mataio Kekūanāo‘a. His siblings included David Kamehameha, Moses Kekuaiwa, Alexander Liholiho (Kamehameha IV), and Victoria Kamamalu. Lot was educated at the Royal School like his cousins and siblings. He was betrothed to Bernice Pauahi at birth but she eventually married Charles R. Bishop. Lot and Bernice remained friends for the rest of his life.
Lot was a public servant for many years before he became king, serving on the Privy Council, in the House of Nobles, as Minister of the Interior, and chief justice of the supreme court. His more charismatic younger brother Prince Alexander was chosen to become King Kamehameha IV in 1854; Lot succeeded him after his death in 1963.
Kamehameha V initiated ambitious public projects. He wanted to create a credible and pleasing face for the government for those who visited. The Kamehameha V Post Office was begun in 1871. Ali‘iōlani Hale (which is now the home of the Hawai‘i Supreme Court) was completed in 1874. Some other building projects included the ʻIolani barracks to house the royal guards, a new prison, the Royal Mausoleum, schools and warehouses, an insane asylum, a quarantine building to process the flood of immigrants, and other government structures. So many new projects caused a heavy strain on Hawaiʻi's resources; by March 31, 1874, Hawaiʻi's national debt stood at over $355,000.
Lot’s sister and only named Heir Apparent to the throne, Crown Princess Victoria Kamāmalu had died childless in 1866; through the remainder of his reign, Kamehameha V did not name a successor. He died on December 11, 1872 while the preparations for his birthday celebration were underway. As Lot laid bedstricken, he answered those that came to visit him: "The Good Lord cannot take me today, today is my birthday". He is buried in the Royal Mausoleum of Hawaii known as Mauna ‘Ala.
Lot was the last ruling monarch of the House of Kamehameha. After his death, the legislature declared an election for the office, won by Kamehameha V's cousin William Charles Lunalilo.
1831 – December 19 – Bernice Pauahi is born.
• Lahainaluna is established as a teacher training college, and is the first college west of the Mississippi River. Subjects such as trigonometry, anatomy, world geography, Greek and English are taught there in Hawaiian.
1832 – February 9 – Alexander Liholiho (Kamehameha IV) is born.
• June 5 – Queen Ka‘ahumanu dies in her home in Mānoa; she was instrumental in the fall of the kapu (taboo) system and the adoption of the Christian religion.
• The first newspaper in the Hawaiian language, Ka Lama Hawai‘i, is run.
Kamehameha IV, born Alexander ʻIolani Liholiho Keawenui (1834–1863), reigned as the fourth king of the Kingdom of Hawaii from January 11, 1855 to November 30, 1863. Alexander was born on February 9, 1834 in Honolulu, to High Chief Mataio Kekūanāo‘a, Royal Governor of O‘ahu and Princess Elizabeth Kīna‘u, Kuhina Nui of the Kingdom. He was the grandson of Kamehameha I. As a baby, he was adopted by his uncle, King Kamehameha III who decreed Alexander Liholiho heir to the throne and raised him as the crown prince.
Educated at the Royal School, Liholiho was accompanied by 30 kahu (attendants) when he arrived, but they were sent home and for the first time, Liholiho was on his own. Liholiho played the flute and the piano, and enjoyed singing and acting. At 14 he went to law school, and at 15, he went on a government trip with his brother Lot and with his guardian Dr. Judd to England, the United States, and Panama. Alexander Liholiho recorded the events of his trip in a journal.
In May 1850, the royal brothers, Prince Albert of England and others boarded a ship in England and sailed to the United States of America. He experienced American racism firsthand when he was called a “nigger” and almost removed from his train car. The prince had preceded Dr. Judd and Prince Lot in occupying the compartment reserved for them for a return trip to New York and someone had questioned Alexander's right to be there. The 16 year-old prince wrote in his journal:
"I found he was the conductor, and took me for somebody's servant just because I had a darker skin than he. Confounded fool; the first time that I have ever received such treatment, not in England or France or anywhere else........In England an African can pay his fare and sit alongside Queen Victoria. The Americans talk and think a great deal about their liberty, and strangers often find that too many liberties are taken of their comfort just because his hosts are a free people."
At a dinner party in New York with friends of Judd, the princes were again exposed to a racist incident. Helen Kinau Wilder recalled:
In New York visiting friends, the butler was very averse to serving "blacks" as he called them, and revenged himself by putting bibs at their places. Their hostess was very angry when she found what a mean trick her servant had played on them.
Kamehameha III died on December 15, 1854. On January 11, 1855 Alexander took the oath as King Kamehameha IV, succeeding his uncle when he was only 20 years old.
Alexander married Emma Rooke in 1856. Queen Emma was the granddaughter of John Young, Kamehameha I's British royal advisor and companion. She also was Kamehameha's great grand niece.
The royal couple had their only child in May 1858, Prince Albert, who died at the age of four. Kamehameha IV and Queen Emma devoted much of their efforts to providing quality healthcare and education for their people, as they were concerned that diseases were decimating the native Hawaiian population. They built The Queen's Medical Center, one of the most technologically advanced medical centers in the world today.
Kamehameha IV, 29, dies of chronic asthma on November 30, 1863; 800 children and teachers walk in his funeral procession to say goodbye. Kamehameha IV is buried with his son at Mauna Ala on February 3, 1864. Queen Emma runs unsuccessfully against David Kalākaua to rule the Kingdom. (Holt, 1971).
1832 – December 31 – Kapi‘olani, future wife of King Kalākaua, is born in Hilo.
Queen Kapiʻolani (1834–1899) formally Esther Julia Kapiʻolani, was married to King David Kalākaua. Born December 31, 1834 in Hilo, she was the granddaughter of Kaumuali‘i, the last king of the island of Kaua‘i before the unification of the islands under Kamehameha I, and the stepdaughter of Queen Ka‘ahumanu. Her first marriage was to High Chief Benjamin Namakehaokalani, son of Keali‘imaika‘i, brother of Kamehameha I, and was 35 years older than Kapiʻolani. He was uncle of Queen Emma. This made Kapi‘olani the widowed aunt of Queen Emma. Kapiʻolani was the caretaker of Prince Albert, baby of Kamehameha IV and Queen Emma. Queen Emma blamed Kapi‘olani for the child's death as he was under Kapiolani's care at the time. After the death of her child, Queen Emma would never appear at a public function that Kapiolani was in attendance of.
Kapiʻolani and Kalākaua were married in a quiet ceremony due to respect for the passing of Kamehameha IV. They were childless. In 1887, Queen Kapiʻolani, King Kalākaua, and his sister Princess Lili‘uokalani traveled around the world, and to London to attend Queen Victoria's 50th Jubilee celebration. The Hawaiian Royal family were treated as dignitaries, and seated with the British Royal family. Kapiʻolani established the Kapiʻolani Medical Center, a maternity home where Hawaiian mothers and their newborns could receive care. Kalākaua named Kapiʻolani Park in Waikīkī after his Queen. Kapiʻolani composed a love song for her husband, Ka Ipo Lei Manu. Kalākaua died in San Francisco before he could hear the musical composition from his wife. After missionaries arrived in Hawaiʻi, between 1820 -1840, a law was passed requiring all Hawaiian people to have an English first name. Kapiʻolani was given the name Julia. In Hawaiian, Julia is "Kulia", and the beginning of her personal motto, Kulia I Ka Nu‘u which means “Strive for the Highest". After the death of her husband, Kapiʻolani retired to her home in Waikīkī, and died there June 24, 1899.
1834 – The first Hawaiian newspaper, Ka Lama Hawai‘i, is established and printed at Lahainaluna School. For over 100 years thereafter, Hawaiian language newspapers flourish in Hawai‘i and serve to record traditional Hawaiian literature, history, and culture. (‘Aha Punanaleo, 2006)
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