Timeline in Hawaiian History...1800 - 1824 AD

1803 – Captain William Shaler brings the first horses to Hawai‘i.

1809 – King Kaumuali‘i of Kaua‘i visits O‘ahu to meet Kamehameha I and arranges the cession of his island. A year later the Hawaiian Islands are unified under a single leader, Kamehameha the Great.

Kaumualiʻi (1778–May 26, 1824) was the last independent Ali‘i Aimoku (King of the islands) of Kauaʻi and Niʻihau before becoming a vassal of Kamehameha I of the unified Hawai‘i in 1810. He was the high chief of Kauaʻi, reigning from 1794 – 1810.
Kaumualiʻi was extraordinarily handsome and charming, the only son of Queen Kamakahelei, Aliʻi Aimoku of Kauaʻi and Niʻihau, and her husband, Aliʻi Kāʻeokūlani (1754–1794), regent of Maui and Moloka‘i. Kamakahelei and Kāʻeokūlani die in separate incidents in 1794; their titles and positions are passed onto their 16-year-old son Kaumualiʻi, who reigned under the regency of Chief Inamoʻo until he came of age. His first wife and queen was his half-sister Kawalu of ‘Oahu. His second wife was his niece Ka‘apuwai Kapua‘amoku, and his third wife was Queen Ka‘ahumanu (1768 – 1832), Kamehameha’s widow. (article from Coco Palms website, 2005)

1814 – Kauikeaouli (Kamehameha III) is born at Keauhou, Kona.
• Henry ‘Ōpūkaha‘ia, a Hawaiian living in New England, writes his own spelling book, grammar, and dictionary in Hawaiian, at a time when Hawaiian was an unwritten language. ‘Ōpūkaha‘ia had become a Christian, studied Hebrew and Latin, and began translating Bible into Hawaiian. He invites missionaries to travel back with him to Hawai‘i. He dies and his books are lost before missionaries leave for Hawai‘i in 1819. (‘Aha Punanaleo, 2006)

1818 – Protestant missionaries to come to the Sandwich Islands.

1819 – May 8 – Kamehameha I dies; May 20, his son Liholiho is proclaimed Kamehameha II. Kamehameha II and his advisors order the destruction of heiau (Hawaiian temples) and an end to the kapu (taboo) system, thus overthrowing the foundation of traditional Hawaiian religion.
• The first whale ships (from New England) arrive in Hawaiian waters.

1820 – A pioneer company of American missionaries arrives from Boston. Among them are the first foreign women to settle in the Islands.

1821 – Honolulu's first Christian house of worship is built and dedicated at the location of the present Kawaiaha‘o Church.

1822 – The first Hawaiian language lesson, The Alphabet, is printed on the Mission Press. The writing system is similar to that already used by missionaries in Tahiti.
• January 25 – Charles Reed Bishop, future husband of Princess Bernice Pauahi, is born in Glens Falls, New York.
• King Liholiho sends out Hawaiians to teach the new skill of reading into the country districts. Teachers such as Kaomimoe, establish schools based on the model of the traditional Hawaiian hālau hula (hula schools) and Hawaiian traditions of teaching reading and writing through hakalama (chanted syllables) develop. (‘Aha Punanaleo, 2006)

1823 – Keōpūolani, the queen mother, receives a Christian baptism on her deathbed; she is the first Hawaiian in Hawai‘i to be baptized in the Protestant faith.
• On November 27th, Kamehameha II and Queen Kamāmalu sail for England aboard the English whale ship L'Aigle. Less than eight months later (July 8), Queen Kamāmalu dies in London, followed by Kamehameha II on July 14.

1824 – March 22 – Ke‘eaumoku II dies in Honolulu. He served as governor of Maui and governor of Kaua‘i at different times.
• May 26 – Kaumuali‘i, Ali’i Nui of Kaua’i since 1794 dies.
• High Chiefess Queen Kapi‘olani visits Kilauea and defies the goddess Pele by descending into the crater.